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Honors Biology 10 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Chromatin

A

A long thin strand of DNA

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

A short, coiled strand of DNA

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3
Q

Gene

A

A sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a trait

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4
Q

Allele

A

Different forms of a gene

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5
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism

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6
Q

Phenotype

A

The traits you have because of the genes you have.

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7
Q

Heredity

A

The transfer of traits from parent to offspring

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8
Q

Inheritance

A

The receiving of traits by the offspring

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9
Q

Mutation

A

Change in DNA that may result in a new phenotype.

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10
Q

Germ cell mutation

A

Occurs in the gametes. It does not affect the organism but is passed to the offspring.

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11
Q

Somatic cell mutation

A

Occurs in the body cells. Passed to daughter cells by mitosis

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12
Q

Chromosome mutations

A

Affected in the chromosomes

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13
Q

Deletion

A

A piece of the chromosome is deleted

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14
Q

Inversion

A

A section of chromosomes breaks off and re-attaches in the opposite direction.

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15
Q

Translocation

A

A section breaks from one chromosome and attached to another.

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16
Q

Nondisjunction

A

When chromosomes pairs fail to separate during meiosis

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17
Q

Monosomy

A

When a zygote has only 1 chromosome of a particular pair

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18
Q

Turner syndrome

A

It is caused by monosomy

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19
Q

Trisomy

A

When a zygote has 3 of a particular chromosome

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20
Q

Down syndrome

A

It is cause by trisomy

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21
Q

Kleinfelter syndrome

A

It is cause by trisomy

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22
Q

Gene mutation

A

It may involve a single nitrogen base or a larger segment of a gene

23
Q

Polyploidy

A

When a chromosome has an extra set of chromosomes in its cell.

24
Q

Frame shift mutations

A

Point mutation in which a nitrogen base is added or deleted.

25
Q

Point mutation

A

The substitution addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base from a codon

26
Q

Mutagens

A

Environmental factors that damage DNA.

27
Q

What is an example of a mutagen.

A

1) sunlight
2) radiation
3) some viruses

28
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine an individual’s gender.

29
Q

Autosomes

A

All the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

30
Q

Sex linked trait

A

A trait determined by genes found on the X chromosome.

31
Q

Linkage group

A

All the genes located on one chromosome.

32
Q

Crossing over

A

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis

33
Q

Chromosome map

A

Diagram of alleles position on a chromosome

34
Q

Map unit

A

Distance between alleles on a chromosome

35
Q

Pedigree

A

A chart that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations in a family.

36
Q

Multiple allele trait

A

A gene with more than 2 alleles

37
Q

Photosynthesis

A

NRG(light) + H2O + CO2&raquo_space;> O2 + CHO

38
Q

Cellular respiration

A

CHO + O2&raquo_space; CO2 + H2O + ATP(light)

39
Q

Karyotype

A

Chromosomes are photographed, cut out of the photograph and grouped in pairs

40
Q

Polygenic trait

A

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

41
Q

DNA replication

A

Making more DNA

42
Q

RNA transcription

A

Making more RNA

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

Used food and O2 to make ATP through cellular respiration

44
Q

Ribsomes

A

Produces proteins

45
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

46
Q

Ames test

A

a test to determine the mutagenic activity of chemicals by observing whether they cause mutations in sample bacteria.

47
Q

What is mitosis

A

Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells

48
Q

What is PMAT?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

49
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromatinbecomeschromosome Nuclearenvelopandnucleolus break down ­ Centriolesseparatetothepolesandspindle
fibersform

50
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomeslineupinthemiddle

ofthecell

51
Q

What happens during anaphase ?

A

Chromosomesmovetooppositeends ofthecell

52
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Chromosomesgo back to chromatin.
Nuclearenvelopandnucleolusforms. Centriolesmoveformthepolesandspindle
fibersbreaks down

53
Q

Duplication

A

An extra chromosome copy of a portion of a chromosome is produced

Honors Biology 10 (10 decks)

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