Chapter 3 Flashcards
Area around earth where life exists
From 8km above the surface and 11km below
Biosphere
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Ecology
An individual living thing
A single member of a species
Organism
A group of organisms that are similar, can breed, and produce fertile offspring in nature
Species
All the members of a species that live in the same area
Population
Community
All of the different populations that live in the same area
Ecosystem
All the organisms(communities) that live in a given area and their physical environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems with the same climate and similar communities
Biotic factors
All the living parts of the environment
Abiotic factors
Any non-living part of the environment
What are observations?
They are usual the first steps in designing an experiment and models.
Experimentation
Used to test the hypothesis
Modeling
Are created to better understand events that are difficult to study directly
What are models based on?
Data collected from observations and experimentation.
How does energy flow in an ecosystem ?
Consuming each other
How does energy flow THROUGH an ecosystem?
Sun into plants
Organisms that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food
Autotrophs(producers)
Photosynthesis
Uses light energy to produce CHO
Chemosynthesis
Using chemical energy to produce CHO
Chemical energy is used to make what?
Glucose from carbon dioxide and sea water
Get their energy from other organisms(autotrophs) by consuming them
Heterotrophs
Obtain energy by only eating plants
Herbivores
Obtain energy by killing and eating other animals
Carnivore
Obtain energy by eating both plants and animals
Omnivore
Animals that consume the carcasses of already dead animals
Scavengers
Obtain energy by chemically the remains of dead and decaying plants and animals ( detritus )
Detritvoers
*energy flows from the sun to the autotrophs, to the heterotrophs
Fun fact
A series of steps by which organisms transfer energy through an ecosystem by eating and being eaten (what eats what)
Food chain
Several food chains in an ecosystem combined
Food web
The steps in a food chain or food web
Trophic level
What makes up the first trophies level
A producer
Diagrams that shows the amount of energy or matter at each tropic level
Ecological level
The number of individual organisms at each trophic level
Numbers pyramid
The total amount of living tissue at each trophic level(mass/unit area)
Biomass pyramid
Amount of energy available at each trophic level
10% is transferred to the next
Energy pyramid
What is photosynthesis (equation )
Carbon dioxide + water == glucose + oxygen
What is chemosynthesis (equation )
Hydrogen sulfide + oxygen == chemical energy
Photosynthesis element equation
NRG(light) + H2O + CO2 == O2 +CHO
Cellular respiration elements equation
CHO + O2 == CO2 + H2O + NRG(light)
