Scientific Method and the Chemistry of Life Flashcards
What is Science based on?
Based on evidence. Not beliefs
What is the goal of science
To explain natural events, understand patterns, and make predictions
Observation
Asking questions based on the use of one or more of the 5 senses to preceive the natural world
Hypothesis
A testable explanation of your observations
What is the layout for the hypothesis
If (manipulated variable), then (responding variable)
Inference
Logical explanation based on prior knowledge
Experiment
Testing the hypothesis under controlled conditions
Controlled experiment
Experiment in which all variables are kept unchanged except one
Manipulated variable (independent)
The variable that is changed between the control group and the experimental group
Responding variable (dependent)
What we count or measure
Control group
The group that is being tested under normal conditions
Experimental group
The group that is being tested under the new or experimental conditions
Analyze data
Analyzing data to see if it supports or refutes the hypothesis
Quantitative data
Counting or measuring expressed as numbers.
Qualitative data
Descriptive; characteristics that cannot be counted or measured
Conclusion
Determining the validity of a hypothesis based on the data in the results that you have collected during the experiment
Scientific theory
A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Scientific law
What scientists expect to happen every time under certain conditions but does not explain why
Curiosity
Scientists ask questions about what they observe.
What is the result to curiosity
Studies lead to new questions
Skepticism
Scientists questions existing ideas and hypothesis. They will not believe ideas without evidence
Open-minded ness
Scientists must be able to accept new ideas that they may not agree with
Creativity
Scientists need to think creatively to design experiments that provide good data
Necessity is the mother of what
Inventions
Practical problems lead to what
Questions, hypothesis and experiments
Peer review
Scientists publish their findings to be reviewed by other scientists who look for mistakes or other problems
What can the finding of a peer review do
Can turn into more questions, new hypothesis and new experiments
Scientific theory
A well tested explanation that explains a wide Range of observations
What am scientists do based on scientific theory
Scientists can make good predictions
Bias
A certain preference or point of view that is personal rather that scientific
Science
How we learn about the natural world and the body of knowledge we have collected about the natural world
Organic chemistry
The study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms
What are the four groups of organic compounds in living things
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Monomers
Small repeating units that fit together to form a polymers
Polymer
Large molecules that are formed by joining together many monomers
What are carbohydrates made up of
Made of of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
Glucose= C6, H12, O6
Living things use what as their main source of energy
CHO
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecule
What are examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, and fructose
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides combine to form polysaccharides
What is an example of an polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen and cellulose
Lipids
Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen. Generally not soluble in water
Example of a lipids
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
To store NRG, form cell membrane and waterproof coverings
FUN FACTS
Nucleic acid
Store and transmits genetic information. Made up of H, O, C, N and P
Nucleotide
Monomer of a nucleic acid. Made up of the sugar group, phosphate group and a nitrogen base
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Sugar group?
Double strand of nucleotides
Deoxyribose
Ribonucleic acid
Sugar group?
Single strand of nucleotides
Ribose
Proteins
Regulate cell processes, control the rate of reaction, form bones and muscles, transport substances into or out of cells, help fight diseases, amd more
Amino acid
Monomer (building blocks) of a protein
Biology
The study of life
Sexual reproduction
Cells from two different parents combine to form to the first cell of the new organism
Cell
Basic unit of life
Unicellular
Organisms that are made up of one cell
Multicellular
Organisms that are made up of many cells
Asexual reproduction
A new organism has a single parent
Cell division
Single called organisms divides in half
Budding
A portion of the parent organism splits off to form a new organism
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The directions for inheritance are copied and carried by DNA.
Determines the inherited traits of every organism on earth
Single celled organisms increase in.
Size
Multicellular organisms increase in size and what of cells
Number
Differentiation
Different cells of multicellular organisms preform different functions
Metabolism
The chemical reactions involved in building up of breaking down materials to carry out life processes (growth, development, reproduction)
Photosynthesis
NRG(light) + H2O + CO2 = O2 + CHO
Cellular respiration
CHO + O2 = CO2 + H2O + NRG
What do organisms do in the environment
They detect and respond to stimuli from their environment
Stimulus
A signal to which living things react
Homeostatis
When conditions inside an organism are kept within certain limits
Evolution
The ability of a species to change over time to better live/adapt to their environment
Unity of life
All living things are made up of a common set of molecules, have DNA, and use proteins to build body parts and carry out functions
Interdependence in nature
All living things are connected. Where they live depends on the cycling of matter and the flow of energy between them and other organisms
Science is a way of knowing
The job of science is to use observations, questions, and experiments to explain the natural world. Good scientists can find rules and patterns that can explain and predict things in the natural world.
Global ecology
The study of peoples global impact
Biotechnology
Deals with the ability to read, write and edit the genetic code
Genomics and molecular biology
Scientists are studying the DNA of many different organisms to learn about the growth, development, and history of life on earth
Ecology and evolution of disease
Viruses, bacteria, and other organisms cause diseases and evolve to become immune to the ways we fight them.
What are the 8 different characteristics of living things
1) all living things are made up of cells
2) all living things reproduce
3) all living things are based on a universal genetic code
4) all living things grow and develop
5) all living things obtain materials and use energy
6) all living things respond to their environment
7) all living things maintain a stable internal environment
8) all livings , when taken as a group, change over Time.
