Chapter 7.1-7.2 Flashcards
All living things…
Are made up of cells Grow Reproduce Obtain nutrients and use energy Respond to changes in the environment Based on a genetic code As a species, change over time Maintain a stable internal environment
Looked at the first cork cells under the microscope
Robert Hooke
First person to look at living cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Said all plants are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
Said all animals are up of cells
Theodor Schwann
Said cells can only come from existing cells
Rudolf Virchow
What is the cell theory
1) all living things are made up of cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3) New cells are produced from existing cells
Uses a light source to illuminate a specimen and enlarges the image by passing it through the objective lens and the ocular lens
can make clear images of objects to a magnification of about 1000 times)
Light microscope
Basic unit of life
Cell
Use a beam of electrons focused by a magnet to enlarge the image of on objects
Electron microscopes
Magnifies the image of thinly sliced specimens up to one million times (2 dimensional)
Transmission electron microscope
Produces a 3 dimensional images of specimens that can be magnified up to 50 thousand times
Scanning electron microscope
Cells that have a cell membrane and cytoplasm but do not have a nucleus or organelles
Prokaryotes
Have a cell membrane and cytoplasm and also a nucleus and organelles
Eukaryotes
Why is the size of a cell limited by the surface area to volume ratio?
If a cell grows too large, there is not enough surface area, (cell membrane) to let in enough nutrients and let out enough waste
With the proper structure, function is not possible
Structure vs function
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell membrane
Control center of the cell; contains the cells dna
Nucleus
Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Components of the cell that carry out its life process
Organelle
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus and allow structures to enter and leave
Nuclear envelope
Short and coiled strands of DNA
Chromosome
Long and thin strands of DNA
Chromatin
Sac like structure to store water, salts, protein, CHO
Vacuoles
Break down food, bacteria, waste and worn out cell parts
Lysosomes
Produces proteins by using instructions from DNA
________ on rougher ER produce proteins that will be used outside the cell
Ribosomes
Tunnels and sacs for proteins and other particles to move about the cell
Made up of 2 types rough and smooth: each with its own function
Lipids for the cell membrane are put together here
ER ( Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Ribosomes on the surface of the ER
Rough ER
No ribosomes on the ER
Contains enzymes that produce lipids for the cell membrane and detoxify drugs
Smooth ER
Modify, sorts and package materials from the ER then to be shipped where they we needed (add CHO and lipids)
Golgi (apparatus) Body
Use light energy (NRG) to make food
Contains its own small amount of DNA
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis equation
CO2 + H2O + NRG(light) == O2 + CHO
Uses food and O2 to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration
Contains its own small amounts of DNA
Mitochondria
Outside the cell membrane of plants and other non-animal cells
Provides support and protection for the cell
Made mostly of cellulose
Cell wall
Cellular respiration equation
CHO + O2 == CO2 + H2O + ATP(light)
Have microtubules
Cilia and flagella
Made up of microtubules and microfilaments
Serves as a track along which organelles can move
Cytoskeleton
Produces the ribosomes
Nucleolus
