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Honors Biology 10 > 7.4-12.2-12.3-13.1-13.2 > Flashcards

7.4-12.2-12.3-13.1-13.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Before a cell divides, it’s genetic information must be copied

A

Copying DNA

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2
Q

The instructions in the DNA of each cell must be sorted and passed from one generation to the next so the next generation can properly develop and reproduce

A

Transmitting DNA

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3
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

What is the sugar group in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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5
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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6
Q

What is the sugar group in RNA?

A

Ribose

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7
Q

Molecule that is made up of repeating units(monomers)

A

Ploymer

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8
Q

The monomers that make up proteins

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

The monomers that make up DNA and RNA

A

Nucleotides

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10
Q

What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

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11
Q

What is the phosphate group in DNA and RNA?

A

Phosphoric acid

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12
Q

What makes up a nucleotide ?

A

A sugar group, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

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13
Q

Who discovered that there was the same amount of adenine as thymine in a sample of DNA. Also the Sam was true with cytosine Zane guanine?

A

Erwin Chargaff’s

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14
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA is a double helix through the use of X-Ray diffraction?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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15
Q

Who developed a model of the DNA (double helix)?

A

James Watson and Francis Crik

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16
Q

What is a double helix strand?

A

Two stands of nucleotides twisted around a central axis

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17
Q

What are the nitrogen bases held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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18
Q

What nitrogen bases are always paired with each other in DNA?

A

Adenine with thymine

Cytosine with guanine

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19
Q

What nitrogen bases are always paired with each other in RNA?

A

Adenine with uracil

Cytosine with guanine

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20
Q

What does the double helix look like?

A

A twisted ladder

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21
Q

What do are steps of the ladder(double helix) made up up?

A

Nitrogen bases

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22
Q

What are the sides of the ladder(double helix) made up off?

A

The sugar group alternating with the phosphate group

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23
Q

Do the two strands of nucleotides in DNA strand run in the same direction?
True or false

A

False

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24
Q

DNA and histones that are long and thin

A

Chromatin

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25
Q

DNA and histones that are short and coiled

A

Chromosome

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26
Q

Proteins that DNA coils around

A

Histone

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27
Q

Untwists and unzips the DNA stand for DNA replication

A

DNA Helicase

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28
Q

What happens when the old strand of DNA has been separated between the nitrogen base pairs?

A

The DNA nucleotides that are floating around the nucleus match up with their appropriate base on the old DNA strands

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29
Q

Connects the newly matched

nucleotides to each other to complete the new DNA strand, also proofreads the new DNA strands

A

DNA polymerase

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30
Q

What happens when the hydrogen bonds have formed between the nitrogen bases on the old strand of DNA, and their
newly paired nucleotide?

A

DNA polymerase connects the covalent bonds between nucleotides (Sugar group to phosphate group) to complete the new strand of DNA

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31
Q

Short repeated DNA sequences on the

ends of chromosomes that prevent genes from being damaged or lost

A

Telomeres

32
Q

The order of nitrogen bases in DNA

A

Genetic code

33
Q

What happens when you change the order of nitrogen base pairs ?

A

You will change the characteristics of the organism.

34
Q

The genetic material stores information needed by every living cell

A

Storing DNA

35
Q

A stable internal environment that organism maintain

A

Homeostasis

36
Q

How do unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis?

A

They grow, respond to their environment, transform energy and reproduce.

37
Q

Different cells Preform different functions for the organism

A

Differentiation

38
Q

Specialized cells are organized into tissues, tissues are organized into organs, organs are organized into organ systems.

A

Levels of organization

39
Q

Basic unit of structure and function

A

Cell

40
Q

Cells that work together to perform a common function form what?

A

Tissue

41
Q

a group of cells that

work together to perform a common function

A

Tissue

42
Q

a group of tissues that work together to perform a common function

A

Organs

43
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform a common function

A

Organ systems

44
Q

a group of organ systems that work together to form a single living thing that can perform all of the functions of life

A

Organism

45
Q

What are the roles of RNA

A

uses information from DNA to put together proteins

Only one strand of nucleotides

46
Q

information contained in the codes of nitrogen bases

A

Genetic code

47
Q

Delivers the message from DNA to the ribosome to put the amino acids together in the right order.

A

Messenger RNA

48
Q

Transfers the amino acids to the ribosome to be connected to the protein by a Peptide bond

A

Transfer RNA

49
Q

Globular RNA and proteins that make up the bulk of the ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

50
Q

The production of RNA using DNA as a pattern (template)

A

Transcription

51
Q

sequences of bases in DNA that show RNA polymerase where to begin making RNA

A

Promoters

52
Q

untwists and unzips the DNA strand

A

RNA polymerase

53
Q

Connects the new RNA nucleotides to each other. The result is a new strand of RNA
(Only enzyme involved in RNA transcription)

A

RNA polymerase

54
Q

When the DNA says STOP, the RNA strand is released to the ribosomes to build proteins

A

Fact

55
Q

sequence of DNA that does not code for a protein. This portion of RNA is cut out before the RNA leaves the nucleus

A

Introns

56
Q

Sequence of DNA those code for a protein. When the introns are removed from the RNA, the exons are spliced back together

A

Exons

57
Q

is read three letters at a time; each three letter “word” corresponds to a single amino acid

A

The genetic code

58
Q

Set of three nitrogen bases on a mRNA strand that codes for an amino acid

A

Codon

59
Q

Set of three nitrogen bases on tRNA that is complementary to the codon. This is how the tRNA knows where to bring the amino acid

A

Anticodon

60
Q

the bond that holds the amino acids in a protein

A

Peptide bond

61
Q

Ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide, which can then be folded into a protein

A

Facts

62
Q

Decoding the information from mRNA to build proteins

A

Translation

63
Q

______ RNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes to
deliver the message.

A

Messenger

64
Q

When the mRNA gets to the ______, the ______looks for “AUG”, the universal start Codon

A

Ribosomes

65
Q

Each of the ____ represents a specific amino acid or STOP. Each
specific amino acid is transferred to the ribosome bythe Transfer RNA.

A

Codons

66
Q

When the codon says stop the protein chain is released and heads to the ______?

A

Golgi body

67
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O + NRG(light) == O2 + CHO

68
Q

Cellular respiration equation

A

CHO + O2 == CO2 + H2O + ATP(light)

69
Q

Gene

A

Short segment of DNA on a chromosome

70
Q

Protein

A

A line of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Made In the ribosomes

71
Q

Experiment in which all variables are kept unchanged except 1.

A

Controlled experiment

72
Q

The Variable that is changed between the control group and experimental group

A

Manipulated variable

73
Q

What we count of measure

A

Responding variable

74
Q

Polypeptide

A

large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of a protein molecule

75
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, Stores and transmits genetic information

Honors Biology 10 (10 decks)

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