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Biology 1 > The Cell B > Flashcards

The Cell B Flashcards

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1
Q

Because the prokaryotic cell has no nucleus, where is the DNA

A

nucleoid

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2
Q

nucleoid

A

controls and maintains the pro cell

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3
Q

Although the prokaryotic cell is simple..

A

It still has a complex structure

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4
Q

pilus:

A

hairs attached to the prokaryotic cell

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5
Q

The function of the pilus (2)

A

attachments, connects to other cells and the external environment
Communication

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6
Q

Another name for the pilus

A

sex pili- exchanges genetic information

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7
Q

Glycocalyx

A

important with attachment, along with the pilus

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8
Q

give an example of attachments that occur through glycocalyx

A

plaque

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9
Q

Because eukaryotic cells have multiple organelles…

A

They contain different chemical environments so they contain various enzymes with different functions

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10
Q

nucleus

A

enclosed membrane that contains the DNA of the cell

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11
Q

How did eukaryotic cells form from prokaryotic cells

A

arose from archaea, ancient times had harsh conditions so they had to survive (prokaryotic cells)

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12
Q

Endosymbiont theory

A

A theory that explains how the eukaryotic cell originated from the prokaryotic cell

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13
Q

Name the three reasons within the endosymbiont theory

A
  1. The mitochondria and chloroplasts contain specific and unique DNA that is found in both cells
  2. Two plasma membranes
  3. organelles bacteria is similar
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14
Q

symbiont theory

A

A reason why the eukaryotic cell does not eat the bacteria cell, benefits from both cells

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15
Q

the nucleus

A

houses and protects the genetic information within the cell

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16
Q

the nucleus controls:

A

what goes in and out of the nucleus

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17
Q

The pores within the nucleus are

A

a complex of proteins
rigid gatekeepers
control ins and outs
keeps DNA inside nucleus at all times

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18
Q

The info that is sent out of the nucleus is in the from of

A

messenger RNA

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19
Q

nucelar lamina

A

holds and maintains the shape of the nucleus

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20
Q

The nuclear lamina is made up of

A

proteins

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21
Q

Nucleolus is located

A

within the nucleus

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22
Q

The nucleolus creates ______

A

RNAs!

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23
Q

RNAs leave the nucleus to assemble into

A

ribosomes

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24
Q

DNA is organized into subunits known as

A

chromosomes

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25
Q

DNA is neatly ____ and ____.

A

coiled and controlled

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26
Q

chromosomes-

A

composed of a single DNA molecule with proteins

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27
Q

chromatin

A

composed of DNA and proteins- condenses into chromosomes

28
Q

mitochondria is the

A

powerhouse of the cell

29
Q

the mitochondria contains its own

A

ribosomes and DNA

30
Q

the mitochondria acts somewhat

A

independently from the cell that it is within

31
Q

Name three things that plant cells only have

A
  1. chloroplasts
  2. cell wall
  3. central vacuole
32
Q

central vacuole-

A

holding tank for water

33
Q

why is the central vacuole filled with water

A

to maintain the pressure, explains why plants would shrivel without water

34
Q

the water pressure cant be viewed as the plant’s _______.

A

bones

35
Q

chloroplasts make _____, and are greatly involved in ______.

A

sugars, photosynthesis

36
Q

Endomembrane system-

A

System that interacts with many parts of the cell and is composed of the many membranes

37
Q

the six different membranes in the endomembrane system are connected by _____.

A

Vesicles

38
Q

The main reason behind the endomembrane system structure is

A

It allows different chemical reactions to take place in ISOLATED environments and regions of the cell

39
Q

The two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum

A
  1. rough ER

2. smooth ER

40
Q

rough ER is vital to ______ ______ and has ___ ____.

A

protein synthesis, bound ribosomes

41
Q

smooth ER makes ____

A

lipids

42
Q

The smooth ER is _____, therefore provides a

A

nonpolar, desired environment for the lipids to be made in

43
Q

The main function of the ER is to

A

build and make things based on the info it receives

44
Q

The Golgi Apparatus

A

packages and distributes material

45
Q

the “cis face” of the golgi apparatus

A

receiving side of the GA

46
Q

the “trans face” of the golgi apparatus

A

shipping side of the GA, delivers to another designated source

47
Q

lysosomes are

A

compartments with digestive environments

48
Q

the lysosomes will

A

digest newly entered molecules because they are slightly acidic

49
Q

lysosomes can get rid of

A

non-functioning organelles

50
Q

the main function of the cytoskeleton (2)

A

to keep the cell’s 3D structure, anchors the organelles and nucleus

51
Q

the cytoskeleton is made up of three things
1. (4)
2.
3.

A
  1. microtubules- largest, mass of proteins coiled into tube
    maintains the cell shape
    are the train tracks
  2. intermediate filaments- lots of different functions
  3. actin filaments- involved in cellular movement
52
Q

protists are made up of

A

cilia and flagella

53
Q

cilia

A

hairs used in cellular movement, are shorter than flagella

54
Q

flagella

A

longer, used in cellular movement

55
Q

microfilaments contain the proteins

A

myosin and actin

56
Q

myosin and actin interact to be involved in

A

muscle contraction

57
Q

what causes muscle contraction

A

amoeboid movement- cytoplasm causes cell to move forward

58
Q

the cytoplasm crawls along a surface by extending _____.

A

pseudopodia

59
Q

tissues

A

collection of cells with a similar function and structure

60
Q

name the three junctions of tissues

A

anchoring junction, tight junction, gap junction

61
Q

anchoring junction

A

attached adjacent cells by using their cytoskeletons

62
Q

give an example of anchoring junction

A

skin cells

63
Q

tight junction

A

seals against loss of fluid in the stomach, intenstine, and kidneys

64
Q

the tight junction should be used with the analogy of

A

a ziploc bag

65
Q

gap junction (2)

A

communication junction, allows easy movement between adjacent cells

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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