The Cell B Flashcards
Because the prokaryotic cell has no nucleus, where is the DNA
nucleoid
nucleoid
controls and maintains the pro cell
Although the prokaryotic cell is simple..
It still has a complex structure
pilus:
hairs attached to the prokaryotic cell
The function of the pilus (2)
attachments, connects to other cells and the external environment
Communication
Another name for the pilus
sex pili- exchanges genetic information
Glycocalyx
important with attachment, along with the pilus
give an example of attachments that occur through glycocalyx
plaque
Because eukaryotic cells have multiple organelles…
They contain different chemical environments so they contain various enzymes with different functions
nucleus
enclosed membrane that contains the DNA of the cell
How did eukaryotic cells form from prokaryotic cells
arose from archaea, ancient times had harsh conditions so they had to survive (prokaryotic cells)
Endosymbiont theory
A theory that explains how the eukaryotic cell originated from the prokaryotic cell
Name the three reasons within the endosymbiont theory
- The mitochondria and chloroplasts contain specific and unique DNA that is found in both cells
- Two plasma membranes
- organelles bacteria is similar
symbiont theory
A reason why the eukaryotic cell does not eat the bacteria cell, benefits from both cells
the nucleus
houses and protects the genetic information within the cell
the nucleus controls:
what goes in and out of the nucleus
The pores within the nucleus are
a complex of proteins
rigid gatekeepers
control ins and outs
keeps DNA inside nucleus at all times
The info that is sent out of the nucleus is in the from of
messenger RNA
nucelar lamina
holds and maintains the shape of the nucleus
The nuclear lamina is made up of
proteins
Nucleolus is located
within the nucleus
The nucleolus creates ______
RNAs!
RNAs leave the nucleus to assemble into
ribosomes
DNA is organized into subunits known as
chromosomes
DNA is neatly ____ and ____.
coiled and controlled
chromosomes-
composed of a single DNA molecule with proteins
chromatin
composed of DNA and proteins- condenses into chromosomes
mitochondria is the
powerhouse of the cell
the mitochondria contains its own
ribosomes and DNA
the mitochondria acts somewhat
independently from the cell that it is within
Name three things that plant cells only have
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
- central vacuole
central vacuole-
holding tank for water
why is the central vacuole filled with water
to maintain the pressure, explains why plants would shrivel without water
the water pressure cant be viewed as the plant’s _______.
bones
chloroplasts make _____, and are greatly involved in ______.
sugars, photosynthesis
Endomembrane system-
System that interacts with many parts of the cell and is composed of the many membranes
the six different membranes in the endomembrane system are connected by _____.
Vesicles
The main reason behind the endomembrane system structure is
It allows different chemical reactions to take place in ISOLATED environments and regions of the cell
The two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum
- rough ER
2. smooth ER
rough ER is vital to ______ ______ and has ___ ____.
protein synthesis, bound ribosomes
smooth ER makes ____
lipids
The smooth ER is _____, therefore provides a
nonpolar, desired environment for the lipids to be made in
The main function of the ER is to
build and make things based on the info it receives
The Golgi Apparatus
packages and distributes material
the “cis face” of the golgi apparatus
receiving side of the GA
the “trans face” of the golgi apparatus
shipping side of the GA, delivers to another designated source
lysosomes are
compartments with digestive environments
the lysosomes will
digest newly entered molecules because they are slightly acidic
lysosomes can get rid of
non-functioning organelles
the main function of the cytoskeleton (2)
to keep the cell’s 3D structure, anchors the organelles and nucleus
the cytoskeleton is made up of three things
1. (4)
2.
3.
- microtubules- largest, mass of proteins coiled into tube
maintains the cell shape
are the train tracks - intermediate filaments- lots of different functions
- actin filaments- involved in cellular movement
protists are made up of
cilia and flagella
cilia
hairs used in cellular movement, are shorter than flagella
flagella
longer, used in cellular movement
microfilaments contain the proteins
myosin and actin
myosin and actin interact to be involved in
muscle contraction
what causes muscle contraction
amoeboid movement- cytoplasm causes cell to move forward
the cytoplasm crawls along a surface by extending _____.
pseudopodia
tissues
collection of cells with a similar function and structure
name the three junctions of tissues
anchoring junction, tight junction, gap junction
anchoring junction
attached adjacent cells by using their cytoskeletons
give an example of anchoring junction
skin cells
tight junction
seals against loss of fluid in the stomach, intenstine, and kidneys
the tight junction should be used with the analogy of
a ziploc bag
gap junction (2)
communication junction, allows easy movement between adjacent cells
