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Biology 1 > Energy and Metabolism 1 > Flashcards

Energy and Metabolism 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

energy is the

A

capacity to cause change, ability to do work and cause change

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2
Q

Name the five types of energy

A 
Chemical 
Heat
Electric 
Mechanical 
Light
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3
Q

light energy

A

energy resides in photons

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4
Q

chemical energy

A

energy resides in bonds

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5
Q

heat energy

A

movement of particles causes change in phases

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6
Q

electric energy

A

energy in charged particles

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7
Q

mechanical energy

A

movement

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8
Q

metabolism definition

A

the overall net amount of chemical reactions that occur within the cell

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9
Q

Energy can exist in two different forms

A

Kinetic and Potential

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10
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy with motion

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11
Q

more heat= =

A

more energy= more molecules moving

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12
Q

ENERGY CAN CONVERT

A

forms

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13
Q

Potential energy is

A

stored energy

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14
Q

potential energy is associated with

A

the position or structure

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15
Q

When a molecule undergoes diffusion, this is an example of

A

potential energy transforming to kinetic

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16
Q

bonds breaking is an example of

A

energy changing from potential to kinetic

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17
Q

An isolated system

A

contains all the needed energy and matter, no energy and matter will be exchanged

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18
Q

Give an example of an isolated system

A

the universe

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19
Q

a closed system

A

matter doesn’t leave, but energy is exchanged

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20
Q

Give two examples of a closed system

A

when a tube is capped and heated, the matter does not escape it just changes form, but energy can still be exchanged

The Earth

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21
Q

Open system

A

both energy and matter is exchanged

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22
Q

Give an example of an open system

A

the human body

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23
Q

The First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can just change forms

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24
Q

The first law of thermodynamics is also known as

A

the principle of conservation energy

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25
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states

A

during the transformation of energy, some of this energy is lost

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26
Q

the unusable energy that is lost contributes and increases

A

entropy or disorder

27
Q

disorder occurs

A

naturally

28
Q

give an example of energy that is lost and can’t be used

A

when body heat is lost; it cannot be used in cellular work

29
Q

a spontaneous process can happen

A

quickly or slowly

30
Q

a spontaneous process does not require _____, and makes things more _____.

A

energy, disordered

31
Q

a hydrolysis reaction is (spontaneous/ nonspontaneous)

A

spontaneous

32
Q

a dehydration reaction is (spontaneous/ nonspontaneous) )

A

nonspontaneous

33
Q

Metabolism is an _______ _________.

A

emergent property

34
Q

emergent property-

A

life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules, metabolism drives biological life

35
Q

metabolism pathways-

A

starts with a molecules and ends with a prodcut

36
Q

in the metabolism pathway, each step uses a

A

specific enzyme

37
Q

the metabolism pathway maximizes _____ and ___.

A

efficiency and controls the reaction

38
Q

two types of metabolic pathways are

A

catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways

39
Q

catabolic pathways

A

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

40
Q

catabolic pathways are

A

spontaneous reactions

41
Q

cellular respiration is an example of

A

catabolic pahtways

42
Q

anabolic pathways

A

consume energy, uses molecules and energy to create a bigger molecule

43
Q

anabolic pathways are

A

nonspontaneous

44
Q

free energy is

A

energy available to do cellular work

45
Q

if the change in gibbs free energy is ____, it is spontaneous

A

negative

46
Q

gibbs free energy is the tendency to change

A

into a more stable state

47
Q

once at equilibrium, there is no more

A

gibb’s free energy

48
Q

in a spontaneous change, free energy _____ as stability of the system _____.

A

decreases, increases

49
Q

If cels are at equilibrium

A

we die

50
Q

cells don’t allow equilibrium to occur because

A

Water always going in or out

51
Q

exergonic reaction

A

net release of free energy, spontaneous

52
Q

in an exergonic reaction, (reactants/ products) have more energy

A

reactants

53
Q

endergonic reaction

A

absorbs free energy from the surroundings, nonspontaneous

54
Q

in an endergonic reaction, (reactants/ products) have more energy

A

products

55
Q

activation energy usually comes from the

A

surroundings, thermal absorbed energy

56
Q

activation energy is the

A

initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction

57
Q

the presence of a catalyst

A

lowers the activation energy so the reaction can happen faster

58
Q

the definition of enzyme

A

catalytic protein

59
Q

the definition of substrate

A

the reactant that the enzyme acts on

60
Q

substrate the binding of the enzyme to the substrate forms the

A

enzyme-substrate complex

61
Q

the enzyme substrate complex is a

A

lock and key fit

62
Q

the lock and key fit shows that there are specific

A

shapes of specific enzymes

63
Q

active site

A

where substrate and enzyme fit into eachother

64
Q

induced fit

A

locking the substrate into place, may have to change/ reform structure.

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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