Energy and Metabolism 1 Flashcards
energy is the
capacity to cause change, ability to do work and cause change
Name the five types of energy
Chemical Heat Electric Mechanical Light
light energy
energy resides in photons
chemical energy
energy resides in bonds
heat energy
movement of particles causes change in phases
electric energy
energy in charged particles
mechanical energy
movement
metabolism definition
the overall net amount of chemical reactions that occur within the cell
Energy can exist in two different forms
Kinetic and Potential
Kinetic energy
energy with motion
more heat= =
more energy= more molecules moving
ENERGY CAN CONVERT
forms
Potential energy is
stored energy
potential energy is associated with
the position or structure
When a molecule undergoes diffusion, this is an example of
potential energy transforming to kinetic
bonds breaking is an example of
energy changing from potential to kinetic
An isolated system
contains all the needed energy and matter, no energy and matter will be exchanged
Give an example of an isolated system
the universe
a closed system
matter doesn’t leave, but energy is exchanged
Give two examples of a closed system
when a tube is capped and heated, the matter does not escape it just changes form, but energy can still be exchanged
The Earth
Open system
both energy and matter is exchanged
Give an example of an open system
the human body
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can just change forms
The first law of thermodynamics is also known as
the principle of conservation energy
The second law of thermodynamics states
during the transformation of energy, some of this energy is lost
the unusable energy that is lost contributes and increases
entropy or disorder
disorder occurs
naturally
give an example of energy that is lost and can’t be used
when body heat is lost; it cannot be used in cellular work
a spontaneous process can happen
quickly or slowly
a spontaneous process does not require _____, and makes things more _____.
energy, disordered
a hydrolysis reaction is (spontaneous/ nonspontaneous)
spontaneous
a dehydration reaction is (spontaneous/ nonspontaneous) )
nonspontaneous
Metabolism is an _______ _________.
emergent property
emergent property-
life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules, metabolism drives biological life
metabolism pathways-
starts with a molecules and ends with a prodcut
in the metabolism pathway, each step uses a
specific enzyme
the metabolism pathway maximizes _____ and ___.
efficiency and controls the reaction
two types of metabolic pathways are
catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways
catabolic pathways
releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
catabolic pathways are
spontaneous reactions
cellular respiration is an example of
catabolic pahtways
anabolic pathways
consume energy, uses molecules and energy to create a bigger molecule
anabolic pathways are
nonspontaneous
free energy is
energy available to do cellular work
if the change in gibbs free energy is ____, it is spontaneous
negative
gibbs free energy is the tendency to change
into a more stable state
once at equilibrium, there is no more
gibb’s free energy
in a spontaneous change, free energy _____ as stability of the system _____.
decreases, increases
If cels are at equilibrium
we die
cells don’t allow equilibrium to occur because
Water always going in or out
exergonic reaction
net release of free energy, spontaneous
in an exergonic reaction, (reactants/ products) have more energy
reactants
endergonic reaction
absorbs free energy from the surroundings, nonspontaneous
in an endergonic reaction, (reactants/ products) have more energy
products
activation energy usually comes from the
surroundings, thermal absorbed energy
activation energy is the
initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction
the presence of a catalyst
lowers the activation energy so the reaction can happen faster
the definition of enzyme
catalytic protein
the definition of substrate
the reactant that the enzyme acts on
substrate the binding of the enzyme to the substrate forms the
enzyme-substrate complex
the enzyme substrate complex is a
lock and key fit
the lock and key fit shows that there are specific
shapes of specific enzymes
active site
where substrate and enzyme fit into eachother
induced fit
locking the substrate into place, may have to change/ reform structure.
