Animal Physiology: Intracellular Communication Flashcards
Because animals are multicellular, it is a challenge to
coordinate the function of ALL their parts
cells can receive signals from ____ and their ____.
other cells, environment
Name the two types of cell signaling
- electrical signaling
2. chemical signaling
give the two examples of electrical signaling
- action potentials
2. along the axon
give three examples of chemical signaling
neurotransmitters, paracrine, and endocrine
cell signaling/ communication can be ___ or ____ distance.
short or long distance
The three main examples of short distance communication
- direct contact- cells are directly tied together by connecting cytoplasms
- synaptic signaling- releases neurotransmitters, chemical signals sent to neighboring cells
- paracrine signaling- release chemicals from a cell that acts as a regulator, growth factors example , stimulated other nearby cells to grow through diffusion
Short distance communication cells release:
chemicals that act on the next neighboring cells
Long distance cell signaling:
endocrine signaling
gland definition
specialized organs that manufacture and send hormones to their hormone reactive sites
glands are associated with ___ in the negative feedback loops. Why is this important?
comparer: important to maintain homeostasis and send signals to other correct cells
the endocrine system is usually paired with the
circulatory system
in the endocrine system, signals act on ____ cells.
receptive
Name the three types of glands within the endocrine system
- exocrine system- carries hormones outside the body (ex: sweat glands)
- endocrine system- carries hormones to bloodstream
- mixed function- does both endo and exo
hormones are
chemical signals that communicate between cells and other body parts
hormones are specific and will
only interact with a target chosen cell
hormones are carried through the
blood and circulatory system
hormones are released through
endo and exocrine glands
hormones are complex yet simple
complex to be able to have the function to signal, and simple enough to not change in the multiple environments it passes through in
hormone and hormone receptors are
a lock and key fit
once the hormone and hormone receptors bind together
response occurs
Why is it a good thing that hormones are so specific to hormone receptors
so the hormone going to the right are and place
Name the three characteristics of a good hormone
- complexity- to travel to the right site
- stability- in multiple environments
- elicitor- must be able to cause response and change
There are two ways to classify hormones, by their ___ and ____.
molecular structure and behavior
molecular hormones: proteins
made up of amino acids
vary is size
Proteins are the most ____ hormones.
complex
molecular hormones: amines are
amino acids that bind to specific receptors
amines are common in the
nervous system
molecular hormones: steriod hormones are
modified lipid molecules that create specific hormone receptors
behavior hormones: ______ determines the movement of hormones and their receptors
hydrophobicity
hydrophobic or lipohilic hormones are ___ soluble, and ___ pass through the plasma membrane
fat soluble, can
hydrophobic hormones cannot move through blood so how do we transfer them in the body?
By attaching to carrier molecule
Hydrophilic hormones are ___ soluble and love ___
water, water
hydrophilic hormones ____ pass through the plasma membrane and travel though _____.
cannot, blood
