Energy and Metabolism 2

Question 1

How to enzymes lower the activation energy?

Answer 1

1. Orient substrates correctly- linkages needed to be made are brought closer
2. Facilitates bond breaking to reach transition state
3. Provides favorable microenvironment
4. Changes bond arrangements to make easier attachment

Question 2

Enzyme functions are affected by the environmental factors such as

Answer 2

pH and temperature

Question 3

no homeostasis= no functioning enzymes= no _____

Answer 3

metabolism

Question 4

competitive inhibitors

Answer 4

inhibitor binds to the active site of enzyme, no allowing the lock and key fit to occur

Question 5

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 5

binds to another part of the enzyme to change the overall shape. Enzyme no longer fits into the substrate

Question 6

Give examples of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 6

poison, toxins, antibiotics

Question 7

If metabolic pathways are not controlled..

Answer 7

chaos occurs

Question 8

The main way how cells regulate metabolic pathways are

Answer 8

regulation of genes

Question 9

regulation of genes-

Answer 9

express more or less of a certain (protein) for example to increase or decrease the presence

Question 10

allosteric regulation

Answer 10

inhibits or stimulates enzyme’s activity

Question 11

allosteric regulators are made up of

Answer 11

polypeptide subunits

Question 12

Name the two types of allosteric regulators

Answer 12

1. Allosteric Activator

2. Allosteric Inhibitor

Question 13

Allosteric Activator

Answer 13

presence of activator exposes the different active sites in a STABLE form

Question 14

Allosteric inhibitors

Answer 14

presence of inhibitor causes all active sites to be covered in a STABLE form

Question 15

Allosteric Cooperativity

Answer 15

substrate addition activates other three active sites

Question 16

Feedback Inhibition definition

Answer 16

end product shuts down the metabolic pathway

Question 17

What is the main benefit to feedback inhibition?

Answer 17

To save energy, no energy is wasted in making repeated products, and that energy can be used somewhere else useful in the cell

Question 18

Compartmentalization within the Eukaryotic cells allows:

Answer 18

isolation, isolation of enzymes to stop their function

Question 19

example of compartmentalization

Answer 19

lysosomes, not fed= not digestive

Question 20

how mitochondria can control enzymes

Answer 20

contains a chemical gradient structure where different enzymes can be isolated within

Question 21

The three main types of work that the cell can do

Answer 21

chemical, transport, and mechanical

Question 22

to do work within the cell, ____ is needed.

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

ATP is the cells _____.

Answer 23

battery

Question 24

ATP is composed of

Answer 24

a ribose (sugar), adenine, and three phosphate groups

Question 25

ATP is used efficiently to

Answer 25

diffuse concentrations of different molecules from high concentration to lower concentration

Question 26

energy is released when

Answer 26

phosphate bonds in ATP are broken

Question 27

breaking of the phosphate bonds results in

Answer 27

change to lower free energy

Question 28

by changing the free energy…

Answer 28

more energy is provided and increases the free energy to do other things within the cell

Question 29

Use _____ to break up ATP.

Answer 29

hydrolysis

Question 30

ADP can become ATP by using ____.

Answer 30

the energy from the catabolic respiration reactions

Question 31

the conversion between putting energy into ATP to make ADP and release energy is

Answer 31

continuous and keeps regenerating