Lab Practical #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between continuous and discrete data

A

discrete- specific units, cannot be a decimal

continuous- over a range, can be a decimal

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2
Q

interval vs. ratio scales

A

interval scales- meaningless zero, the values (temperature for example) can be below zero
ratio scales- meaningful zero, weight cannot be negative therefore 0 has significance

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3
Q

where do titles go on tables vs. figures

A

tables- above

figures- below

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4
Q

name the four steps to the scientific method

A
  1. observations
  2. prediction/ hypothesis
  3. experiment
  4. accept or reject
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5
Q

what is the difference between a prediction and a hypothesis

A

a prediction stems from a hypothesis,

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6
Q

hypothesis definition

A

an explanation to your observations

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7
Q

control vs. experimental group

A

control- all other normal frogs

experimental- trained frogs being tested

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8
Q

null hypothesis

A

hypothesis you are trying to prove wrong

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9
Q

two terms or calculations that can be used for central tendency

A

mean and median

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10
Q

a t-test is used

A

to determine if two data sets are significantly different, to see if two means are different

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11
Q

paired vs unpaired t test

A

paired t-test- before and after of same 10 people

unpaired t-test- two different groups of 10 people

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12
Q

Which is based on your hypothesis, paired or unpaired or one or two tailed

A

TAILED

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13
Q

one tailed t-test

A

difference between the same 10 people, just looking at trained frogs

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14
Q

two-tailed t-test

A

two different sets of people, looking at the difference between the trained and untrained frogs

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15
Q

how to determine if two data sets are different

A

if tstat > tcritical, and if the p < 0.05, want a small p-value

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16
Q

Name the three components to the microscope that you can control

A

magnification, illumination, and contrast

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17
Q

Name the component of microscopes that you cannot control

A

resolution- being able to distinguish things as separate, want a higher resolution

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18
Q

course adjustment vs. fine adjustment

A

course adjustment- large knob that moves condenser up and down, fine adjustment is the knob with the white line

19
Q

diaphragm

A

controls how much light is being let through the stage

20
Q

the four objectives to fisher microscopes

A

4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

21
Q

dorsal

A

straight back side of daphnia

22
Q

ventral

A

curved belly of daphnia

23
Q

anterior vs. posterior

A

top vs. bottom of daphnia

24
Q

caudal is above the

25
daphnia has what type of symmetry
bilateral
26
typical size of daphnia
1.5-5mm
27
mono, di, or tripoblastic?
tripoblastic, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
28
name the six other terms about Daphnia
multicellular, organs, tissues, coelom, exoskeleton,jointed appendages
29
daphnia move by using their
antennaes, can go in multiple directions
30
how does food enter the daphnia body, and what food do they eat
antennaes push food into mouth, algae, water flees, phytoplankton
31
what type of cellular digestions do daphnia have
extracellular- digestions can occur inside or outside, goes through intestines to be digested
32
daphnia live in a ____ environmental, so what is their respiration process
freshwater, take in oxygen, hemoglobin spreads and carries oxygen to the rest of the body, CO2 is dissolved in the bloodstream
33
do daphnia have an open or closed circulatory system?
open, hemolymph acts like our blood and holds the tissues together
34
daphnia have surface respiration with circulatory system or surface respiration without a circulatory system
surface respiration
35
do daphnia reproduce sexually or asexually
both, sexual more desired but the right environment can be asexually
36
describe how daphnia reproduce sexually
the male fertilizes the female egg in the brood chamber
37
daphnia reproduce asexually through
parthenogenesis
38
to daphnia do internal or external reproduction
internal
39
and daphnia dioecious or monoecious
dioecious- produces either male or female, daphnia cannot have both male and female sex organs
40
what are the two main components in daphnias external senses
compound eye- multiple lens to move different directions but low clarity antannea
41
antannaes can detect
water flow
42
name the two structures involved in excretion
shell gland and anus
43
what type of nitrogenous waste do daphnia use
urea- nontoxic, soluble in water, less water required to remove
44
benefits of oil resolution
decreases light bending or refracture, allows more light to be captured and increases resolving power of microscope