Lab Practical #1 Flashcards
What is the difference between continuous and discrete data
discrete- specific units, cannot be a decimal
continuous- over a range, can be a decimal
interval vs. ratio scales
interval scales- meaningless zero, the values (temperature for example) can be below zero
ratio scales- meaningful zero, weight cannot be negative therefore 0 has significance
where do titles go on tables vs. figures
tables- above
figures- below
name the four steps to the scientific method
- observations
- prediction/ hypothesis
- experiment
- accept or reject
what is the difference between a prediction and a hypothesis
a prediction stems from a hypothesis,
hypothesis definition
an explanation to your observations
control vs. experimental group
control- all other normal frogs
experimental- trained frogs being tested
null hypothesis
hypothesis you are trying to prove wrong
two terms or calculations that can be used for central tendency
mean and median
a t-test is used
to determine if two data sets are significantly different, to see if two means are different
paired vs unpaired t test
paired t-test- before and after of same 10 people
unpaired t-test- two different groups of 10 people
Which is based on your hypothesis, paired or unpaired or one or two tailed
TAILED
one tailed t-test
difference between the same 10 people, just looking at trained frogs
two-tailed t-test
two different sets of people, looking at the difference between the trained and untrained frogs
how to determine if two data sets are different
if tstat > tcritical, and if the p < 0.05, want a small p-value
Name the three components to the microscope that you can control
magnification, illumination, and contrast
Name the component of microscopes that you cannot control
resolution- being able to distinguish things as separate, want a higher resolution
course adjustment vs. fine adjustment
course adjustment- large knob that moves condenser up and down, fine adjustment is the knob with the white line
diaphragm
controls how much light is being let through the stage
the four objectives to fisher microscopes
4x, 10x, 40x, 100x
dorsal
straight back side of daphnia
ventral
curved belly of daphnia
anterior vs. posterior
top vs. bottom of daphnia
caudal is above the
posterior
daphnia has what type of symmetry
bilateral
typical size of daphnia
1.5-5mm
mono, di, or tripoblastic?
tripoblastic, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
name the six other terms about Daphnia
multicellular, organs, tissues, coelom, exoskeleton,jointed appendages
daphnia move by using their
antennaes, can go in multiple directions
how does food enter the daphnia body, and what food do they eat
antennaes push food into mouth, algae, water flees, phytoplankton
what type of cellular digestions do daphnia have
extracellular- digestions can occur inside or outside, goes through intestines to be digested
daphnia live in a ____ environmental, so what is their respiration process
freshwater, take in oxygen, hemoglobin spreads and carries oxygen to the rest of the body, CO2 is dissolved in the bloodstream
do daphnia have an open or closed circulatory system?
open, hemolymph acts like our blood and holds the tissues together
daphnia have surface respiration with circulatory system or surface respiration without a circulatory system
surface respiration
do daphnia reproduce sexually or asexually
both, sexual more desired but the right environment can be asexually
describe how daphnia reproduce sexually
the male fertilizes the female egg in the brood chamber
daphnia reproduce asexually through
parthenogenesis
to daphnia do internal or external reproduction
internal
and daphnia dioecious or monoecious
dioecious- produces either male or female, daphnia cannot have both male and female sex organs
what are the two main components in daphnias external senses
compound eye- multiple lens to move different directions but low clarity
antannea
antannaes can detect
water flow
name the two structures involved in excretion
shell gland and anus
what type of nitrogenous waste do daphnia use
urea- nontoxic, soluble in water, less water required to remove
benefits of oil resolution
decreases light bending or refracture, allows more light to be captured and increases resolving power of microscope
