Energy at the Cellular Level

Question 1

autotrophs are

Answer 1

self feeding

Question 2

autotrophs produce

Answer 2

sugars from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy from the sun

Question 3

almost all plants are

Answer 3

autotrophic, non-green plants are not and are parasites or feed off of other plants

Question 4

photosynthesis definition

Answer 4

process that converts solar energy into chemical energy

Question 5

photosynthesis nourishes

Answer 5

almost all of the world

Question 6

write the photosynthesis reaction

Answer 6

6 CO2 + 6H20 + energy –> glucose + O2

Question 7

Heterotrophs

Answer 7

obtain chemical material from other organisms, are “other feeding”

Question 8

heterotrophs are consumers of

Answer 8

the biosphere

Question 9

photosynthesis came long before

Answer 9

cellular respiration

Question 10

cellular respiration equation

Answer 10

sugar + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy

Question 11

the process going from cellular respiration to photosynthesis is

Answer 11

a constant cycle

Question 12

photosynthesis is a

Answer 12

redox reaction

Question 13

During the photosynthesis redox reaction, H2O is _____ into ______, and CO2 is ____ into _____.

Answer 13

oxidized into oxygen, reduced into sugar

Question 14

List the three main energy carriers

Answer 14

NAD+, FAD, and ATP

Question 15

energy carriers transfer electrons to _____.

Answer 15

change energy states.

Question 16

as electrons move _____.

Answer 16

energy states change

Question 17

when glucose is oxidized, electrons are lost and transferred to _____.

Answer 17

NAD+ and FAD

Question 18

which is higher energy state, FADH2 or NADH?

Answer 18

FADH2

Question 19

ATP can be ______ to make ADP

Answer 19

hydrolized

Question 20

ATP is very ____, therefore we do not store it in our bodies and only make it when we have to

Answer 20

unstable due to phosphate bonds

Question 21

aerobic respiration

Answer 21

consumes organic molecules and oxygen to make ATP

Question 22

_____ + ______ –> ATP

Answer 22

glucose and oxygen

Question 23

fermentation/ anaerobic definition

Answer 23

partial degradation of sugars WITHOUT OXYGEN

Question 24

cellular respiration is mainly (aerobic/ anaerobic)

Answer 24

aerobic

Question 25

cellular respiration slowly creates _____.

Why is it a slow process?

Answer 25

ATP

To utilize all energy and control the reaction

Question 26

In cellular respiration, sugars _____. into _____. and oxygen _____. into _____.

Answer 26

oxidizes into carbon dioxide, and oxygen reduces into water

Question 27

There are _____ main steps in cellular respiration

Answer 27

four

Question 28

glycolysis definition

Answer 28

the breakdown of glucose to form two Pyruvate and two ATP molecules

Question 29

glycolysis occurs within the

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

glycolysis is present in

Answer 30

ALL living things

Question 31

glycolysis is (anaerobic or aerobic)?

Answer 31

anaerobic

Question 32

the pyruvate travels to the

Answer 32

mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle

Question 33

glycolysis is an example of a

Answer 33

metabolic pathway reaction where it is step-by-step

Question 34

energy is SLOWLY made in a glycolysis reaction to

Answer 34

utilize and produce as much energy as possible, and to control the reaction

Question 35

during glycolysis, electrons are transferred to

Answer 35

ATP and NADH

Question 36

When oxidized, pyruvate can either undergo a anaerobic reaction or aerobic reaction, which one and why

Answer 36

anaerobic because aerobic reaction produces the build up of lactate

Question 37

pyruvate oxidized produces ______, which is the main component of the ______.

Answer 37

Acetyl CoA, Kreb’s Cycle

Question 38

the Kreb’s Cycle is also known as

Answer 38

the citric acid cycle

Question 39

The Kreb’s Cycle definition

Answer 39

takes Acetyl- CoA made from pyruvate oxidation and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2

Question 40

The Kreb’s cycle is important because

Answer 40

the products NADH and FADH2 are vital to the electron transport chain step

Question 41

The Kreb’s cycle is a _____ cycle, because acetyl Co-A + ______ is constantly making ______, and the reaction is always reversed right back.

Answer 41

circular cycle ; oxaloacetate —> citrate

Question 42

The Kreb’s cycle occurs in ___ in eukaryotic cells and in ____ in prokaryotic cells

Answer 42

mitochondria; chloroplasts

Question 43

______ and _____ produced in the Kreb’s cycle donate electrons to the ______.

Answer 43

NADH and FADH2, electron transport chain

Question 44

the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain are vital because they ___________, which is made through what process?

Answer 44

power ATP synthesis, made through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 45

the electron transportation process takes place within the

Answer 45

mitochondria which contains a folded gradient within the organelle

Question 46

the electron transport chain process is an example of what type of reaction

Answer 46

chemiosmosis

Question 47

chemiosmosis definition

Answer 47

uses energy is a H+ gradient

Question 48

list the overall steps to cellular respiration

Answer 48

glucose –> NADH –> e- transport chain –> proton motive force –> ATP

Question 49

Only 34% of the energy

Answer 49

produced by the cellular respiration process is actually produced, the rest of the energy is lost