Energy at the Cellular Level Flashcards

1
Q

autotrophs are

A

self feeding

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2
Q

autotrophs produce

A

sugars from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy from the sun

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3
Q

almost all plants are

A

autotrophic, non-green plants are not and are parasites or feed off of other plants

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4
Q

photosynthesis definition

A

process that converts solar energy into chemical energy

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5
Q

photosynthesis nourishes

A

almost all of the world

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6
Q

write the photosynthesis reaction

A

6 CO2 + 6H20 + energy –> glucose + O2

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7
Q

Heterotrophs

A

obtain chemical material from other organisms, are “other feeding”

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8
Q

heterotrophs are consumers of

A

the biosphere

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9
Q

photosynthesis came long before

A

cellular respiration

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10
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

sugar + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy

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11
Q

the process going from cellular respiration to photosynthesis is

A

a constant cycle

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12
Q

photosynthesis is a

A

redox reaction

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13
Q

During the photosynthesis redox reaction, H2O is _____ into ______, and CO2 is ____ into _____.

A

oxidized into oxygen, reduced into sugar

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14
Q

List the three main energy carriers

A

NAD+, FAD, and ATP

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15
Q

energy carriers transfer electrons to _____.

A

change energy states.

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16
Q

as electrons move _____.

A

energy states change

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17
Q

when glucose is oxidized, electrons are lost and transferred to _____.

A

NAD+ and FAD

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18
Q

which is higher energy state, FADH2 or NADH?

A

FADH2

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19
Q

ATP can be ______ to make ADP

A

hydrolized

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20
Q

ATP is very ____, therefore we do not store it in our bodies and only make it when we have to

A

unstable due to phosphate bonds

21
Q

aerobic respiration

A

consumes organic molecules and oxygen to make ATP

22
Q

_____ + ______ –> ATP

A

glucose and oxygen

23
Q

fermentation/ anaerobic definition

A

partial degradation of sugars WITHOUT OXYGEN

24
Q

cellular respiration is mainly (aerobic/ anaerobic)

25
cellular respiration slowly creates _____. Why is it a slow process?
ATP To utilize all energy and control the reaction
26
In cellular respiration, sugars _____. into _____. and oxygen _____. into _____.
oxidizes into carbon dioxide, and oxygen reduces into water
27
There are _____ main steps in cellular respiration
four
28
glycolysis definition
the breakdown of glucose to form two Pyruvate and two ATP molecules
29
glycolysis occurs within the
cytoplasm
30
glycolysis is present in
ALL living things
31
glycolysis is (anaerobic or aerobic)?
anaerobic
32
the pyruvate travels to the
mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle
33
glycolysis is an example of a
metabolic pathway reaction where it is step-by-step
34
energy is SLOWLY made in a glycolysis reaction to
utilize and produce as much energy as possible, and to control the reaction
35
during glycolysis, electrons are transferred to
ATP and NADH
36
When oxidized, pyruvate can either undergo a anaerobic reaction or aerobic reaction, which one and why
anaerobic because aerobic reaction produces the build up of lactate
37
pyruvate oxidized produces ______, which is the main component of the ______.
Acetyl CoA, Kreb's Cycle
38
the Kreb's Cycle is also known as
the citric acid cycle
39
The Kreb's Cycle definition
takes Acetyl- CoA made from pyruvate oxidation and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2
40
The Kreb's cycle is important because
the products NADH and FADH2 are vital to the electron transport chain step
41
The Kreb's cycle is a _____ cycle, because acetyl Co-A + ______ is constantly making ______, and the reaction is always reversed right back.
circular cycle ; oxaloacetate ---> citrate
42
The Kreb's cycle occurs in ___ in eukaryotic cells and in ____ in prokaryotic cells
mitochondria; chloroplasts
43
______ and _____ produced in the Kreb's cycle donate electrons to the ______.
NADH and FADH2, electron transport chain
44
the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain are vital because they ___________, which is made through what process?
power ATP synthesis, made through oxidative phosphorylation
45
the electron transportation process takes place within the
mitochondria which contains a folded gradient within the organelle
46
the electron transport chain process is an example of what type of reaction
chemiosmosis
47
chemiosmosis definition
uses energy is a H+ gradient
48
list the overall steps to cellular respiration
glucose --> NADH --> e- transport chain --> proton motive force --> ATP
49
Only 34% of the energy
produced by the cellular respiration process is actually produced, the rest of the energy is lost