Energy at the Cellular Level Flashcards
autotrophs are
self feeding
autotrophs produce
sugars from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy from the sun
almost all plants are
autotrophic, non-green plants are not and are parasites or feed off of other plants
photosynthesis definition
process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
photosynthesis nourishes
almost all of the world
write the photosynthesis reaction
6 CO2 + 6H20 + energy –> glucose + O2
Heterotrophs
obtain chemical material from other organisms, are “other feeding”
heterotrophs are consumers of
the biosphere
photosynthesis came long before
cellular respiration
cellular respiration equation
sugar + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy
the process going from cellular respiration to photosynthesis is
a constant cycle
photosynthesis is a
redox reaction
During the photosynthesis redox reaction, H2O is _____ into ______, and CO2 is ____ into _____.
oxidized into oxygen, reduced into sugar
List the three main energy carriers
NAD+, FAD, and ATP
energy carriers transfer electrons to _____.
change energy states.
as electrons move _____.
energy states change
when glucose is oxidized, electrons are lost and transferred to _____.
NAD+ and FAD
which is higher energy state, FADH2 or NADH?
FADH2
ATP can be ______ to make ADP
hydrolized
ATP is very ____, therefore we do not store it in our bodies and only make it when we have to
unstable due to phosphate bonds
aerobic respiration
consumes organic molecules and oxygen to make ATP
_____ + ______ –> ATP
glucose and oxygen
fermentation/ anaerobic definition
partial degradation of sugars WITHOUT OXYGEN
cellular respiration is mainly (aerobic/ anaerobic)
aerobic
cellular respiration slowly creates _____.
Why is it a slow process?
ATP
To utilize all energy and control the reaction
In cellular respiration, sugars _____. into _____. and oxygen _____. into _____.
oxidizes into carbon dioxide, and oxygen reduces into water
There are _____ main steps in cellular respiration
four
glycolysis definition
the breakdown of glucose to form two Pyruvate and two ATP molecules
glycolysis occurs within the
cytoplasm
glycolysis is present in
ALL living things
glycolysis is (anaerobic or aerobic)?
anaerobic
the pyruvate travels to the
mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle
glycolysis is an example of a
metabolic pathway reaction where it is step-by-step
energy is SLOWLY made in a glycolysis reaction to
utilize and produce as much energy as possible, and to control the reaction
during glycolysis, electrons are transferred to
ATP and NADH
When oxidized, pyruvate can either undergo a anaerobic reaction or aerobic reaction, which one and why
anaerobic because aerobic reaction produces the build up of lactate
pyruvate oxidized produces ______, which is the main component of the ______.
Acetyl CoA, Kreb’s Cycle
the Kreb’s Cycle is also known as
the citric acid cycle
The Kreb’s Cycle definition
takes Acetyl- CoA made from pyruvate oxidation and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2
The Kreb’s cycle is important because
the products NADH and FADH2 are vital to the electron transport chain step
The Kreb’s cycle is a _____ cycle, because acetyl Co-A + ______ is constantly making ______, and the reaction is always reversed right back.
circular cycle ; oxaloacetate —> citrate
The Kreb’s cycle occurs in ___ in eukaryotic cells and in ____ in prokaryotic cells
mitochondria; chloroplasts
______ and _____ produced in the Kreb’s cycle donate electrons to the ______.
NADH and FADH2, electron transport chain
the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain are vital because they ___________, which is made through what process?
power ATP synthesis, made through oxidative phosphorylation
the electron transportation process takes place within the
mitochondria which contains a folded gradient within the organelle
the electron transport chain process is an example of what type of reaction
chemiosmosis
chemiosmosis definition
uses energy is a H+ gradient
list the overall steps to cellular respiration
glucose –> NADH –> e- transport chain –> proton motive force –> ATP
Only 34% of the energy
produced by the cellular respiration process is actually produced, the rest of the energy is lost
