The Cell

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 1

• Prokaryote

- Eukaryote

Question 2

Define Prokaryote and give an example

Answer 2

A cell with no nucleus

Example:

Bacteria
Cyanobacteria

Question 3

Define Eukaryote and give an example

Answer 3

A cell with a nucleus

Example:

• Plant cells
• Animal cells

Question 4

Name some properties of Prokaryotes

Answer 4

• Before “nucleus”
• Single and small celled
• DNA in nuclear region (not bound by nuclear membrane)
• No organelles except ribosomes

Question 5

Name some properties of Eukaryotes

Answer 5

• “True nucleus”
• Complex cells
• DNA in membrane
• Bound nucleus
• Many membrane bound organelles

Question 6

What are organelles?

Answer 6

Specialized subunits within the cell

Usually surrounded by a lipid bilayer

Question 7

Properties of Cell membranes

Answer 7

• Regulates movement into and out of cell
• Separates all cell contents from the environment
• PHOSPHOLIPID bilayer

Question 8

Properties of Nucleus

Answer 8

• Controls all cell activities

- Double membrane that contains the GENETIC material

Question 9

Properties of Nucleolus

Answer 9

• Dense spherical structure
• Found in nucleus
• Site of ribosomes synthesis

Question 10

Properties of Cytoplasm

Answer 10

• Gel like substance
• Site of chemical reactions
• Where organelles are located

Question 11

Properties of Endo-Plasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 11

• Folded membrane that forms a system of canals which transport materials to different parts of the cell

Question 12

Endo-Plasmic Reticulum continues

Property of Smooth ER

Answer 12

Concerned with lipid synthesis in the cells

Question 13

Endo-Plasmic Reticulum continues

Property of Rough ER

Answer 13

• Involved in protein synthesis

- Ribosomes are attached to the outside

Question 14

Properties of Ribosomes

Answer 14

Site of protein synthesis

Small spherical bodies free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

Question 15

Properties of Golgi Apparatus (Body/Complex)

Answer 15

• Packages up and moves (secretes) proteins, lipids and carbs out of the cell
• Flattened membrane bound disks

Question 16

Properties of Lysosomes

Answer 16

• Membrane bound sacs, containing enzymes

- Breaks down food and digest wastes and worn out cell parts

Question 17

Properties of Mitochondria

Answer 17

• Site of aerobic metabolism

- Transforms energy (from food in the form of ATP (chemical energy (what the cell uses)))

Question 18

Properties of Centriole

Answer 18

• Paired cylindrical structures

- Separate chromosome pairs during mitosis

Question 19

Properties of Vacuole

Answer 19

• Mainly found in plant cells
• Stores starches, water, wastes, and other materials
• Involved in TURGOR (pressure inside cells)

Question 20

Properties of Cell Wall

Answer 20

• Rigid structure
• Surrounding cell membrane of plants, fungi, and some unicellular organisms
• Protects and supports the cell

Question 21

Properties of Chloroplast

Answer 21

• Contains chlorophyll

- Enables plants to make carbohydrates

Question 22

What is the Cell Theory?

Answer 22

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of living organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells