Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology - 11 > Chapter 1 - Classifying Life's Diversity > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Classifying Life's Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Currently, how many species have been identified?

A

2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many species are there estimated to be?

A

5 million to 20 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is it important to identify species?

A

People worldwide can communicate about all of the different organisms on Earth

-Different languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many species concepts are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a Species Concept do?

A

Defines what a species is and what group of organisms make up a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first Species Concept?

A

Morphological

  • Morphology is the study of the structure and form of organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Morphological Species Concept

A

Relies on comparing measurements and descriptions of similar organisms; taking into account changes over time. After comparisons, it is decided whether similar organisms represent different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the advantages of the morphological Species Concept

A
  • Simplicity makes it widely used

- Especially for plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the disadvantages of the morphological Species Concept?

A
  • Challenging when you have to decide how much difference between individuals is too much variation
  • almost all populations are made up of non-identical individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the second Species Concept?

A

Biological Species Concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Biological Species Concept

A

Focuses on similar characteristics and the ability to reproduce and produce viable fertile offspring. Means that if 2 individual organism can mate under natural circumstances and produce offspring that can live and reproduce then those 2 individuals are the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of the Biological Species Concept?

A
  • Widely used by scientists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Biological Species Concept?

A
  • Cannot be applied in all cases; ex. When 2 populations are separated, they don’t have the opportunity to interbreed in nature
  • Cannot be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually or fossil species which are no longer reproducing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the 3rd Species Concept?

A

Phylogenetic

Note- Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

Focuses on evolutionary relationships among organisms. A species is defined as a cluster of organisms distinct from other clusters and shows platters of relationships among organisms. Concept increasingly popular because more evidence through DNA analysis about how species are related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of the Phylogenetic Species Concept?

A
  • Can be applied to extinct species

- Considers info about relationships among organisms learned from DNA analysis (method scientists are using more)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Phylogenetic Species Concept?

A
  • Evolutionary history bit known for all species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What must be done once organisms have been qualified as separate species and why is this important?

A

A name must be given. Having a standard system for naming organisms, understood by all, is essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is “Naming of Species” defined as?

A

Taxonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

The branch of biology that identifies, names and classifies species based on natural features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who is the father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus (1700s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What things are Carolus Linnaeus credited with doing?

A
  • He is considered the father of Taxonomy
  • Developing the system for naming species: Binomial Nomenclature
  • Developed bases of the system of classification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Binomial Nomenclature

A

The system of giving a 2 word Latin name to each species - the first part is the genus and the second part is the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the rules of Binomial Nomenclature
- Each species has a 2 part name; 2 part name known as Species Name/ Scientific Name - First name is the Genus name - Second name identifies a particular species The scientific name is italicized when typed, with Genus name capitalized and the second, lowercase. When written by hand, both names are underlined
26
Define Genus (pl. Genera)
Taxonomic group of a closely related species
27
Define classification
The grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps to organize and indicate evolutionary relationships
28
What is Classification used for?
A set of agreed-upon rules or criteria to help them classify species
29
Who formed the bases of the Classification system?
Carolus Linnaeus
30
Define Hierarchical Classification
The method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged from most general to most specific
31
What is the method of classification where species are arranged from most general to most specific
Hierarchical Classification
32
What is a Hierarchical Classification also known as and why?
Also known as a nested system because there is a hierarchy of categories
33
What are the groupings, arranged in a hierarchy, that are used to classify organisms that have been named and identified called?
Taxonomic categories
34
How many nested categories are there to classify species/organisms and what are they called?
8 nested categories, known as rank
35
Define rank
A level in a classification scheme, such as Phylum or Order
36
What is the name of each rank called?
Taxon
37
Define Taxon (Pl. Taxa)
A named group of organisms such as Phylum Chordata or Order rodentia
38
Name the 8 nested ranks
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species - Use Dumb King Philip Came Over For Good Soup to remember
39
What is the goal of modern classification?
To assign species to Taxa so that each classification reflects both morphological similarities among organisms, and as well as hypotheses about their phylogeny (evolutionary history)
40
What concept is used to assign species to Taxa and what does it say?
Shared evolutionary history, if 2 species share much of the same evolutionary history, then they share a recent common ancestor. The more a species shares its evolutionary history with another, the more closely related they are thought to be
41
Define ancestor
An organisms or organisms from which other groups of organisms are descended
42
How many types of evidence are used to determine how much evolutionary history between 2 species is shared?
3 main types of evidence
43
What are the 3 main types of evidence that scientists use to determine how much of evolutionary history 2 species share?
- Anatomical - Physiological - DNA
44
Define Anatomy
The branch of biology that deals with structure and form, including internal systems
45
What is an example of anatomical evidence showing that 2 species are closely related?
Dinosaurs and birds. Both have hollow bones and the arrangement of dinosaur bones show similarities to birds
46
Define Physiology
Branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes (how they work)
47
Describe how physiological evidence is used
Biochemistry of organisms is studied, including the proteins they make. An organism's proteins are determined by the organism's genes. By comparing proteins among different species, the genetic similarity or difference can be determined
48
Describe how DNA evidence of relationships is used
Genes are sections of DNA made of long chains of molecules called nucleotides. Technological advances have made it possible to determine the sequence of the nucleotides of specific genes. These DNA sequences can be compared species
49
Define Phylogenetic Tree
A branching diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships among species
50
What is a Phylogenetic Tree used for?
Once scientists have studied the features of organisms and learned about their evolutionary histories, they use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to represent a hypothesis
51
What does that Phylogenetic Tree represent?
The roots or the base represent the oldest ancestral species. The upper ends of the branches represent present-day species related to the ancestral species split-evolved or changed over the to become 2 species
52
Why is it important to understand evolutionary relationships among species?
Have helpful consequences in the: - Medical field - Agriculture - Conservation of Biodiversity
53
What similarities do all species on Earth share?
Made up of cells and having DNA
54
Define structural diversity
A type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural forms in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology
55
In the 1800s there was believed to be only 2 kingdoms, what were they?
Plants and Animals
56
However it was discovered that there are 6 kingdoms, what are they?
``` Plants Animals Bacteria Archaea Fungi Protists ```
57
How many kingdoms are there and what are they?
6; Plants, Animals, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea, Protists
58
How many domains are there?
3
59
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
60
When classifying species, what do scientists look for?
Similarities and differences between organisms
61
How many common characteristics are there that show the similarities and differences between organisms?
5
62
What are the 5 common characteristics that scientists use to classify species according to their similarities and differences?
- 2 major cell types (Prokaryote and Eukaryote) - Number of cells - Cell wall material - Nutrition - Reproduction
63
What are the 2 major cell types?
Prokaryote | Eukaryote
64
Name some features of Prokaryotes
- Smaller in size - No membrane bound nucleus (name means: before the nucleus) - No membrane bound organelles - Less complex internal structure
65
Name some features of Eukaryotes
- Larger in size - DNA in nucleus (Name means: true nucleus) - Contains membrane bound organelles - More complex internal structure
66
An organism can either be ------- or --------- when it comes to the number of cells
Unicellular or Multicellular
67
Define Unicellular
A single-cell organism
68
Define Multicellular
Organism made up of more than one cell
69
What 3 things can cell walls be composed of?
- Chitin - Cellulose - Peptidoglycan
70
An organism can either be ------ or -------- when it comes to nutrition
Autotroph or Heterotroph
71
Define Autotroph
Organism that captures energy from sunlight to produce Its own food
72
Define Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food and obtains nutrients and energy by consuming other organisms
73
An organisms can either be -------- or --------- when it comes to reproducing
Asexual or Sexual
74
Define Asexual
Offspring arise from a single parent
75
Define sexual
Genetic material of 2 parents are combined to create offspring
76
Define Dichotomous Key
An identification tool consisting of a series of 2 part choices that lead the user to a correct identification
77
What is a Dichotomous Key used for?
A system of narrowing down the identification of a specimen. Taxonomists use dichotomous keys to make choices between pairs of options to narrow down identification
78
Define Species Diversity
The variety and number/abundance of species in a given area
79
Define Genetic Diversity
The variety of inheritable characteristic (genes) in a population of interbreeding individuals
80
What is genetic diversity within a population known as?
Gene pool
81
What is a gene pool?
Genetic diversity within a population
82
Define Ecosystem Diversity
The variety of ecosystems in the bio-sphere
83
Define Gene Pool
All the genes of all the individuals in a population
84
The gene pool is the sum of all the versions of all the genes in a --------
Population
85
Define population
A group of individuals of the same species in a specific area at a specific time
86
Name some reasons for why biodiversity is important
- Genetic diversity allows population to survive changes in the environment ( survive disease) - Generic diversity allows populations to survive changes in environment ( climate change, change in resource) - Scientists use knowledge of genetic diversity to help struggling populations
87
What is Ecosystem Diversity?
- Refers to the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere | - Ecosystems are made of 2 components - Biotic and abiotic factors
88
Ecosystems with greater species diversity exhibit -------- and provide imprimatur services reliably
Resilience
89
Define resilience
The ability of an ecosystem to remain functional and stable in the presence of disturbances to its parts ( Ex. Invasive species)
90
What are ecosystem services and name some examples
Benefits experienced by organisms (including humans) provided by sustainable ecosystems - Controlling floods - Raw materials - Climate regulation
91
What are some examples of Ecosystem Services?
- Controlling floods - Carbon Sinks - Climate regulation - Raw materials - Recreation - Soil fertility - Cultural Benefits

Biology - 11 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions