5.3, 6.3, 6.3 Flashcards
In incomplete dominance, what is the ratio in the F2 generation?
1 (red) : 2 (pink) : 1 (white)
When representing incomplete dominance, what letters are used to represent both alleles and why?
Capital letters are used for both alleles; upper case and lower case letters are not used since neither allele is dominant over the other
Define Co-dominance
The condition in which both alleles for a trait are equally expressed in a heterozygote; both alleles are dominant
How are the alleles for co-dominance represented?
Capital letters with super scripts
What are some examples of co-dominance?
Roan (animal) and sickle cell anemia
What is a gene with more than 2 alleles said to have?
Multiple Alleles
What is Continuous Variation?
A range of variation in one trait resulting from the activity of many genes
These are traits for Whigs phenotype vary gradually from one extreme to another
What are some examples of traits are exhibit continuous variation?
Some examples include height and skin tone
What’re traits controlled by more than one gene called?
Polygenic traits
What do polygenic traits exhibit?
Continuous variation
Why was determining the DNA sequences of other organisms an important component of the Human Genome Project?
This allows you to:
- Make comparisons between species
- Learn important features of genomes
- Gives better understanding of biological system
- useful in genetic research
- Provides a basis for comparison to human genome
What are some achievements of the Human Genome Project?
Determined DNA sequence of human genome; identified all of the genes; made the genes accessible to all, sequenced other organisms genome
How much of the human genome is actually used to code for proteins?
2%
Define Bioinformatics
Field of study that applies computer technology to create and maintain databases of info
Who is the founder of Bioinformatics?
Margaret Dayhoff
What contribution did Bioinformatics make to human genomics?
Allows everyone easy access to information
What contributions did Bioinformatics make to the Human Genome Project?
Allowed organization and analysis of large amount of sequence data that was generated from labs all over the world
What 3 types of technologies contributed to Bioinformatics?
- Biological molecule sequencing technology
- Computer software
- Communicative technology
Define incomplete dominance
A condition in which either allele for a gene completely conceals the presence of the other; results in a intermediate expression of a trait
Define Genomics
The study of genomes and how genes work together to control phenotype
What research is involved in Genomics?
Multiple alleles are considered at the same time and the entire organism is studied
How can Genomics help society?
Helps understand inheritance of diseases like cancer and to develop treatments for these diseases
What does SNP stand for?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Acts a marker for a gene or be associated with a gene if it is genetically linked to it
