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Biology - 11 > Chapter 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 & 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

The ——— is dependent on plants

A

Biosphere

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2
Q

What’re some ecosystem services that plants provide? (General)

A
  • Serving as food
  • Habitat
  • Produce oxygen through photosynthesis
  • Produce fuel sources
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3
Q

What are the 2 most important characteristics of plants? (General)

A

Carry out photosynthesis and contain cellulose

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4
Q

What is the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which permits life on Earth called?

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

Series of chemical reactions that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in molecules

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6
Q

What definition is this: Series of chemical reactions that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in molecules?

A

Photosynthesis

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7
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

Light energy is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

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8
Q

What is glucose?

A

Food that supplies plants and ultimately all consumers along the food chain

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9
Q

What makes up the base of the food chain?

A

Plants

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10
Q

What do plants use oxygen for?

A

To perform their own cellular respiration

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11
Q

What happens to the remaining oxygen that is not used by plants?

A

Released into atmosphere for other organisms to perform their own cellular activities

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12
Q

What is a special carbohydrate that plants contain?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

Define cellulose

A

Large carbohydrate molecule

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14
Q

What is this definition: Large carbohydrate molecule?

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

Describe some uses and functions of cellulose

A
  • Main component of cell walls in plants

- Used by humans (cotton plants –> fabric, wood pulp –> paper and cardboard)

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16
Q

What is the mains source of food for humans?

A

Plants

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17
Q

What is agriculture?

A

Farming/forestry practices that produce food and goods

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18
Q

Name some products that come from agriculture?

A

Wheat, rice, corn, sugar cane, potatoes, soybeans, etc.

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19
Q

As humans continue to group in population what issue do we face?

A

Food security

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20
Q

Define food security

A

State where all people, at all times, have access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences and allow them to lead an active and healthy life

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21
Q

What definition is this: State where all people, at all times, have access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences and allow them to lead an active and healthy life?

A

Food security

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22
Q

Modern agriculture is based on what?

A

Monocultures

23
Q

What are monocultures?

A

Where 100s of hectares of 1 type of plant are grown in place of the natural organism

24
Q

What are the advantages of monocultures?

A
  • Ease of caring for large area with same plant
  • Similar treatment, care, fertilizer, pesticides needed
  • Increase crop yield
25
Q

What are the disadvantages of monocultures?

A
  • Deleting soil of nutrients
  • Vulnerable to crop specific pests; increase of pesticides
  • Water quality in ground, streams, rivers reduced when pesticides used
26
Q

Due to the large disadvantages of monocultures, what are more people turning towards?

A

Sustainable agriculture

27
Q

Define sustainable agriculture

A

Approach to agricultural production that integrates economics, environment, society into meeting the nutritional needs of the world

28
Q

What is this definition: Approach to agricultural production that integrates economics, environment, society into meeting the nutritional needs of the world?

A

Sustainable agriculture

29
Q

What is the goal of sustainable agriculture?

A

-Produce enough food to feed the world while taking the economy, society and environment into account

30
Q

How is the goal of sustainable agriculture achieved?

A

Farming methods aim to balance high crop yields with sustainable practices

31
Q

Name some practices that encompass sustainable agriculture

A
  • Crop rotation (keeps soil healthy, keeps nutrients, reduces use of fertilizers)
  • Natural predators (keep pest population under control)
32
Q

For humans, plants can be a source of —— and ———

A

Fibre; building material

33
Q

What are some of the products made from plant fibres?

A

Paper, cords, rope, textile

34
Q

What is textile?

A

A fabric, flexible material made from natural or synthetic fibres, threads, or yarns

35
Q

Name examples of building materials we get from plants

A
  • Timber (wood)

- Straw

36
Q

What is timber?

A

Wood that has been prepared for use in carpentry/construction

37
Q

In broad strokes, what’re some uses of plants? (Other than food and photosynthesis)

A
  • Medical uses
  • Source of fuel
  • Erosion control
  • Recreation and Ecotourism
38
Q

Describe plants and the role they play in medicine

A
  • Plants & plant extracts used for many medical purposes
  • Extracts either isolated or synthesized from plants and then manufactured
39
Q

What is the effect of deforestation in relation to plants and medicine?

A
  • Deforestation causing a loss of biodiversity

- Threatening lives of plants used for important medical purposes

40
Q

Name an example of a plant used for medical purposes

A

Blackberry plants are used to treat diarrhea and stomach ailments

41
Q

Name an example of a plant used for medical purposes that is in danger and state why

A

Rose Periwinkle proven to slow the effects of cancer is at risk due to deforestation in rainforests in Madagascar

42
Q

How are plants sources of fuel?

A
  • Burning wood from plants provides energy and heat
  • Coal forms over millions of year due to the compression of plant material buried deep
  • Biofuel
43
Q

What is biofuel?

A

Fuel produced from renewable biological resources

44
Q

Name some examples of renewable biological resources

A
  • Crops

- Crop residue

45
Q

What are the advantages of using biofuel?

A
  • Help combat climate change

- Provide alternative to fossil fuels

46
Q

What effect do plans have on erosion?

A
  • Plants control erosion and reduce negative effects of flooding
  • Helps cover up soil erosion
47
Q

What is soil erosion?

A

Naturally occurring process where wind and water remove top layer of soil

48
Q

Why is soil erosion harmful?

A
  • Top layer of soil removed critical to good crop growth

- Eroded soil can block roads and redirect streams

49
Q

How can soil erosion be reduced?

A

Covering area with plants

50
Q

What is the relationship between plants and recreation?

A
  • Plants are educational and recreational resources
51
Q

Name some examples of recreational resources involving plants

A

Hiking, camping, boating, picnicking, cycling, etc.

52
Q

What is people travelling all over the world to visit different landscapes called?

A

Ecotourism

53
Q

Name some examples of landscapes that inspire ecotourism

A

Forests, jungles, rainforests, grasslands

54
Q

What’re plants adapted to do?

A
  • Perform photosynthesis
  • Cellular respiration
  • absorption and transport of water and minerals

Biology - 11 (11 decks)

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