The Break Eith Rome 1530 Flashcards
Describe opposition of religious change from the court?
more and old established families tried to use their influence against Protestantism
More refused to swear an oath to the succession. He was executed for treason. He has used passive resistance
Aragonese faction supported Catherine and therefore hoped that Mary would be heir, her exclusion from the succession led them to support the pilgrimage of grace
Describe clergy opposition to religious change
Elizabeth, nun of Kent- she has been subjected to visions since her teens. By 1528 her visions focused on Henry and his divorce. She warned him of bad consequences if he abandoned his wife including death. In 1530 Cromwell arrested and embarrassed the nun and got her to confess to the untrue visions. She was then executed
Fisher bishop- stood up against Henry and believed his actions to Catherine were wrong and said so to Henry’s face. Henry was lenient until fisher refused to swear an oath. He was accused of high reasons and executed
Pilgrimage of grace
Describe the pilgrimage of grace
1536- most serious threat to Tudor royalty ever. Revels bad 40,000 men and presents their demands. Henry gave a royal pardon. rebellions in 1537 gave Henry the excuse to execute rebel leaders
What was the royal authority and the government in 1530s - how did the role and importance of parliament change
During 1530 Cromwell used parliament extensively to enact the legalisation needed to break with Rome: before the parliament was not regularly used and although statute law had been recognised the king was still able to make laws through proclamation
Royal authority and the government in 1530- what did cromwell create regarding money and why
Cromwell created a new financial institution along side privy chamber to manage the new revenue generated from the break with Rome
Royal authority and the government in 1530- describe the privy council in henry’s reign
Henry VIII met regularly with his royal advisors. During his reign a more professional privy council emerged. It contained 20 members and contained professional lawyers
A smaller group was important due to the period of crisis between 1536-37
Royal authority and the government in 1530- what was tje act in restraint of appeals
Act in restraints of appeals set up the argument that men shouldn’t be able to appeal to Rome because the king was supermen in his own land
reformation of parliament and royal supremacy- give key characteristics of Thomas More
he was less keen to be pragmatic and do whatever Henry asked for
he had strong humanistic beliefs
he wrote a book in which labelled Richard III as a murdering moster
more was sympathetic to Catherine
he grew concerned at Henry’s unwillingness to support reforms
what year did William Tyndale publish his book and what was it about and called?
- obedience of the christian man
it argued that Henry should have ultimate power.
this book was banned in England but Anne Boleyn bought it to Henry’s attention
who helped Henry obtain his divorce
cromwell
give key characteristics of Cromwell
in 1532 he had taken over management of the King’s divorce.
like his old master (wolsey) he realised that the key to success was to anticipate Henry’s need
he created the strategy for the divorce and destroyed the power of Rome and gave Henry under preceded power and wealth
describe key characteristics of Cranmer
in 1532 henry asked the Pope to make cranmer archbishop of Canterbury which put pressure on the Pope
he denoted the divorce in 1533
he was a protestant but respected the catholic
pressure on clergy- when did parliament begin to encourage anti-clericalism and cromwell begin to find abuses?
1509
pressure on clergy- when was the revival of the law of praemunire and how many clergy was charged? what does praemunire mean
1530
15
the offence of asserting papal jurisdiction (laws from the pope)
pressure on Pope- when were scholars sent to Europe to find support for the divorce
1530
pressure on clergy- when did henry pardon the clergy’s crime and why?
1531, as long as they accepted him as ‘supreme head’. they compromised and accepted him as supreme head ‘as long as the church would allow’
pressure on clergy- when was the ‘supplication against the ordinaries and what was it
1532
abuses of the clergy
pressure on clergy- when did henry demand that the church agree to submission of the clergy
1532
pressure on pope- when was the Act against innates and what was it
1532
stopped payments being made to Rome
pressure on pope- when was cranmer appointed arch bishop
1532
pressure on clergy- when did henry secretly marry anne
1533
pressure on pope- when was the act against appeals and what was it
1533
it stopped catherine appealing to the pope against the divorce
when was the act of supremacy and what was it
1534
made henry officially head of the church
how was cromwell able to obtain the diroce
by pressuring the pope and clergy
extent of religious change 1530s- describe the spread of protestant ideas
from 1529 henry encouraged critism towards pope and clergy
by 1536 individuals who favoured luther reforms were in government
in 1536 henry married jane seymour who leaned towards Protestantism
extent of religious change 1530s- describe the swing back towards Catholicism 1538-40
henry needed catholic allies in Europe so stressed that religious change was moderate.
the swing bk also reflected the decline of cromwells influence due to anne of cleves
the catherine howards were gaining influence in parliament and were responsible for the 6 articals.
the set back was temporary. the reformers gained influence of henry again in 1541 once the howard family lost favour
extent of religious change 1530s- describe government propaganda supporting the reformation
many books stressed the hierarchy of the King
extent of religious change 1530s- describe doctrinal reforms
in 1536 cromwell worked with cranmer to introduce the ten articals of faith.
in 1537 the first official translation of the bible into english
dissolution of the monasteries- what was the acts of first fruits and tenths and when was it
1534- allowed gene to tax churches which previously went to the pope
Dissolution of the monasteries- when did commissioners begin to survey the value of monasteries
1535
When was the dissolution of the smaller monasteries, what defined smaller monasteries
1536
Houses valued under £200 a year
In 1537/8 what opposition was there against the dissolution
Monks rebelled which led to execution
When was the act of the dissolution of larger monasteries
1539
What was made in 1540 to handle the property and income from the dissolved monasteries
Court of augmentation
What was the effects of the dissolution of the monasteries
Bought Henry great wealth
Benefited Protestants
Main losers were inhabitants and the community- the monasteries offered hospitality, education, health care and social services. Provided food and shelter for the poor
Nobility benefited in last 5 years because they bought them
When was the 10 articles published and what were they
1536
Protestant doctrines
When and what was the 6 articles
1539
Reinstated catholic traditions
