beginning of elizabeths reign 1558-63 Flashcards
what was the background of elizabeth
daughter of Anne Boleyn
brought up by catherine parr therefore raised a catholic
she was legitimized in the succession act of 1544
she inherited her fathers temper and her grandfathers attitude to money
what was elizabeths attiutude to the privy council
during mary’s reign it had increased to 40/50, eliz was determined to smallen this
she chose people who showed loyalty either through personal services or establishment
of marys council 9 were reappointed and 9 new councillers
when was her coronation, describe it
jan 1559, she wore gold and silver to demonstrate her wealth
some of the sources are subject to religious bias
she appeared welcoming and open which pleased the crowds
during 1558-63 what were elizabeths views on reglion
she was careful not to support either predominantly catholic or protestantism
her priorities of the church was shaped by political considerations- she wanted to create a settlement that minimized opposition and maximise control over the church rather than creating something that reflected her personalty
what influences were there at home regarding religion
high hopes from catholics and protestants therefore in 1558 she issued a royal proclamation which banned preaching other than in a church
bishops and noblemen rejected the prospect of the prayer book 1552 and a women heading the church
there was a gov-sponsored debate between protestans and catholics clergy in which some of the clergy said they didnt support elizabeths authority which allowed her to arrest them
what influences were there abroad regarding religion, peace treaty of cateau cambres
scotland was allied to the france and MQS was married to the heir of the french throne and next inline for england therefore any alteration of religion was bound to have an impact on relations with france and scotland
signing of the Peace of cateau cambres 1559 which ended the war between france and spain, and english military action against france
when was the prayer book and describe it
1559
purpose was to establish a single agreed set of doctrines ending the quarrels between protestanst and catholics
what were the royal injunctions of 1559
preachers had to be licensed and every church had to display Bibles in english
pilgrimages were outlawed and alters to be destroyed
when was the act of supremacy and what did it entail
1559
restablished eliz as head of the church, she chose the title ‘supreme governor’ of the church rather than ‘supreme head’ to satisfy those who still regarded the pope as head
all clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty
what was set up to punish those whose loyalty was suspected
court of high commissions
what changes were made to the organisation of the church
beyond change of leadership, little else was altered about national organisation of the church, england would continue to have 2 archbishop
what was the act of uniformity
1559
set out rules about the appearance of the church , it essentially said any practices which existed in 1549 should be followed
the alter was replaced by a protestant communion table, catholic artifacts could be placed on it (candles and crosses)
what were the thirty nine articals and when were they
1563
defined exactly what was meant by ‘anglicanism’
the settlement combined protestant and catholic traditions into a whole that that was accepted by as many people as possible
how was the meaning of bread and wine changed
for catholics bread meant the body of christs and wine his blood so eating them would consume gods presence allowing the cleanse of the sin however protestants believed believed it resembled christs presence but nothing more. the 2 were fused together
what was the act of exchange
eliz was broke when she came to the throne, like henry she saw the church as a weathly organisation so she took church taxes
what were the reactions from home of the settlement
there was limited scale of opposition between 1559-63
however there was some, ministers ignored the new book of prayers and continued traditional catholic worships. on a JPS survey only half could be relied on
what were the reactions abroad to the settlement
both france and spain posed a threat to the settlement however neither showed much inclination
france was involved in civil war and the pope and spain saw the change as not permanent and hoped eliz could return the church to rome
how was elizabeth involved with the french and scottlish 1558-1563
scottlish protestants led a rebellion against the scotlish regent (mary of gruise).
william cecil convinced Eliz to send secret arms and money
the treaty of edinburgh 1560 withdrew troops with a peace treaty
how was eliz involved with the french Huguenots?
eliz supported the french huguenots in the treaty of huguenots in which return theyd give her Calais, if she supplied them with loans and military aid.
however the focus changed when the earl of warick captured Le Havre (a port) therefore the agreement changed to giving back Le Havre in return of Calais.
therefore the huguenots truced with catholics
the treaty of troyes 1564 signified the end of english involvement
what was eliz involvement with the netherlands during this period
netherlands were signficant for english trade
philip banned the importation of english cloth
therefore england banned all imports from the netherlands
however trade normalised 1564
regarding the marriage what possible suitors did eliz have
philip of spain was the first to volunteer, however eliz was invasive so he made other suggestions-
-archduke ferdinand of HRE however he was very catholic
-archduke charles of HRE, he was a possibility so diplomatic channels were kept open for a decade but she had no intentions
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in eliz eyes who was the one man she wanted to marry
robert dudely
his wife was ill, however in 1560 the wife died. romours spread that eliz and dudely had conspired together and killed her.
william cecil did nothing to dispel these rumours
what fears were there regarding the succession
eliz made it clear that her preferred policy was not to marry, therefore in the absence of an heir there was no contender for the succession
there was only decedents of Henry VII- Margret his daughter
in 1562 eliz caught small pox, she recovered but it was made aware the importance of the succession
regarding the succession who had claims?
MQA whos claim lay through Margret (her grand mother)
another claim lay through margrets second marriage
also the 3 daughters of Henry Grey, catherine and mary were alive
eliz lived until she was 70, a series of deaths made the succession more simpler
what were the 5 top reasons for inflation
gov spending debasement of the coinage increase in the circulation of bullion bad harvest land scales
explain why and why not gov spending was a cause of inflation
an increase in money was spent on foreign wars
gov spending was only a small part of national economic activity
explain why and why not debasement of the coinage was a cause of inflation
what was it
lowering the value of money by reducing the amount of gold and silver
to generate more money for wars wolsey debased the coin 1526. also gov in 1544-51 made significant devaluations
the great debasement caused prise rising in 1540’s this doesnt explain inflation in later periods
explain why and why not increase in the circulation of bullion within Europe caused inflation
the greater quantity of money in circulation meant that prices could increase
this circulation only effected merchants who imported goods
explain why and why not bad harvest was the cause of inflation
decreased the amount of food forcing prices to rise
only caused temporary shortage of good which doesnt explain continuous inflation
explain why and why not land sales caused inflation
the high intentions of buying land amoung the nobility increased land prices
this only effected the privileged few
what are the 3 different types of poor
impotent- couldnt work due to age
idle- could work but dont
genuine-
poor laws for impotent poor 1495 1531 1536 1552 1563 1572 1597
all beggars whipped and returned to parish
allowed to beg if they had a license
money raised through contributions
registration to reduce unauthorised begging
if people refused to make contributions they were taken to court
compulsory contribution to poor
finding work for the poor
poor laws for idle poor 1495-63 1547 1572 1576
whipped and returned to parish
if convicted of begging theyd be branded and used as a slave for 2 years. if they were convicted again branding and life long slavery. if convicted again theyd be executed
punishment increased with criminal charges if caught begging
houses of correction
poor laws for genuine 1495-63 1547 1572 1576 1597
whipped and returned to parish
if convicted of begging theyd be branded and used as a slave for 2 years. if they were convicted again branding and life long slavery. if convicted again theyd be executed
some excluded from punishment because they were recognised as genuine poor
JPS required to provide work
work provided
what was the 1601 poor law that applied to all
earlier laws bought together and reissued with some amendments
