beginning of elizabeths reign 1558-63

Question 1

what was the background of elizabeth

Answer 1

daughter of Anne Boleyn
brought up by catherine parr therefore raised a catholic
she was legitimized in the succession act of 1544
she inherited her fathers temper and her grandfathers attitude to money

Question 2

what was elizabeths attiutude to the privy council

Answer 2

during mary’s reign it had increased to 40/50, eliz was determined to smallen this
she chose people who showed loyalty either through personal services or establishment
of marys council 9 were reappointed and 9 new councillers

Question 3

when was her coronation, describe it

Answer 3

jan 1559, she wore gold and silver to demonstrate her wealth
some of the sources are subject to religious bias
she appeared welcoming and open which pleased the crowds

Question 4

during 1558-63 what were elizabeths views on reglion

Answer 4

she was careful not to support either predominantly catholic or protestantism
her priorities of the church was shaped by political considerations- she wanted to create a settlement that minimized opposition and maximise control over the church rather than creating something that reflected her personalty

Question 5

what influences were there at home regarding religion

Answer 5

high hopes from catholics and protestants therefore in 1558 she issued a royal proclamation which banned preaching other than in a church
bishops and noblemen rejected the prospect of the prayer book 1552 and a women heading the church
there was a gov-sponsored debate between protestans and catholics clergy in which some of the clergy said they didnt support elizabeths authority which allowed her to arrest them

Question 6

what influences were there abroad regarding religion, peace treaty of cateau cambres

Answer 6

scotland was allied to the france and MQS was married to the heir of the french throne and next inline for england therefore any alteration of religion was bound to have an impact on relations with france and scotland
signing of the Peace of cateau cambres 1559 which ended the war between france and spain, and english military action against france

Question 7

when was the prayer book and describe it

Answer 7

1559

purpose was to establish a single agreed set of doctrines ending the quarrels between protestanst and catholics

Question 8

what were the royal injunctions of 1559

Answer 8

preachers had to be licensed and every church had to display Bibles in english
pilgrimages were outlawed and alters to be destroyed

Question 9

when was the act of supremacy and what did it entail

Answer 9

1559
restablished eliz as head of the church, she chose the title ‘supreme governor’ of the church rather than ‘supreme head’ to satisfy those who still regarded the pope as head
all clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty

Question 10

what was set up to punish those whose loyalty was suspected

Answer 10

court of high commissions

Question 11

what changes were made to the organisation of the church

Answer 11

beyond change of leadership, little else was altered about national organisation of the church, england would continue to have 2 archbishop

Question 12

what was the act of uniformity

Answer 12

1559
set out rules about the appearance of the church , it essentially said any practices which existed in 1549 should be followed
the alter was replaced by a protestant communion table, catholic artifacts could be placed on it (candles and crosses)

Question 13

what were the thirty nine articals and when were they

Answer 13

1563
defined exactly what was meant by ‘anglicanism’
the settlement combined protestant and catholic traditions into a whole that that was accepted by as many people as possible

Question 14

how was the meaning of bread and wine changed

Answer 14

for catholics bread meant the body of christs and wine his blood so eating them would consume gods presence allowing the cleanse of the sin however protestants believed believed it resembled christs presence but nothing more. the 2 were fused together

Question 15

what was the act of exchange

Answer 15

eliz was broke when she came to the throne, like henry she saw the church as a weathly organisation so she took church taxes

Question 16

what were the reactions from home of the settlement

Answer 16

there was limited scale of opposition between 1559-63
however there was some, ministers ignored the new book of prayers and continued traditional catholic worships. on a JPS survey only half could be relied on

Question 17

what were the reactions abroad to the settlement

Answer 17

both france and spain posed a threat to the settlement however neither showed much inclination
france was involved in civil war and the pope and spain saw the change as not permanent and hoped eliz could return the church to rome

Question 18

how was elizabeth involved with the french and scottlish 1558-1563

Answer 18

scottlish protestants led a rebellion against the scotlish regent (mary of gruise).
william cecil convinced Eliz to send secret arms and money
the treaty of edinburgh 1560 withdrew troops with a peace treaty

Question 19

how was eliz involved with the french Huguenots?

Answer 19

eliz supported the french huguenots in the treaty of huguenots in which return theyd give her Calais, if she supplied them with loans and military aid.
however the focus changed when the earl of warick captured Le Havre (a port) therefore the agreement changed to giving back Le Havre in return of Calais.
therefore the huguenots truced with catholics
the treaty of troyes 1564 signified the end of english involvement

Question 20

what was eliz involvement with the netherlands during this period

Answer 20

netherlands were signficant for english trade
philip banned the importation of english cloth
therefore england banned all imports from the netherlands
however trade normalised 1564

Question 21

regarding the marriage what possible suitors did eliz have

Answer 21

philip of spain was the first to volunteer, however eliz was invasive so he made other suggestions-
-archduke ferdinand of HRE however he was very catholic
-archduke charles of HRE, he was a possibility so diplomatic channels were kept open for a decade but she had no intentions
-

Question 22

in eliz eyes who was the one man she wanted to marry

Answer 22

robert dudely
his wife was ill, however in 1560 the wife died. romours spread that eliz and dudely had conspired together and killed her.
william cecil did nothing to dispel these rumours

Question 23

what fears were there regarding the succession

Answer 23

eliz made it clear that her preferred policy was not to marry, therefore in the absence of an heir there was no contender for the succession
there was only decedents of Henry VII- Margret his daughter
in 1562 eliz caught small pox, she recovered but it was made aware the importance of the succession

Question 24

regarding the succession who had claims?

Answer 24

MQA whos claim lay through Margret (her grand mother)
another claim lay through margrets second marriage
also the 3 daughters of Henry Grey, catherine and mary were alive
eliz lived until she was 70, a series of deaths made the succession more simpler

Question 25

what were the 5 top reasons for inflation

Answer 25

gov spending
debasement of the coinage
increase in the circulation of bullion 
bad harvest
land scales

Question 26

explain why and why not gov spending was a cause of inflation

Answer 26

an increase in money was spent on foreign wars

gov spending was only a small part of national economic activity

Question 27

explain why and why not debasement of the coinage was a cause of inflation
what was it

Answer 27

lowering the value of money by reducing the amount of gold and silver
to generate more money for wars wolsey debased the coin 1526. also gov in 1544-51 made significant devaluations
the great debasement caused prise rising in 1540’s this doesnt explain inflation in later periods

Question 28

explain why and why not increase in the circulation of bullion within Europe caused inflation

Answer 28

the greater quantity of money in circulation meant that prices could increase
this circulation only effected merchants who imported goods

Question 29

explain why and why not bad harvest was the cause of inflation

Answer 29

decreased the amount of food forcing prices to rise

only caused temporary shortage of good which doesnt explain continuous inflation

Question 30

explain why and why not land sales caused inflation

Answer 30

the high intentions of buying land amoung the nobility increased land prices
this only effected the privileged few

Question 31

what are the 3 different types of poor

Answer 31

impotent- couldnt work due to age
idle- could work but dont
genuine-

Question 32

poor laws for impotent poor
1495
1531
1536
1552
1563
1572
1597

Answer 32

all beggars whipped and returned to parish
allowed to beg if they had a license
money raised through contributions
registration to reduce unauthorised begging
if people refused to make contributions they were taken to court
compulsory contribution to poor
finding work for the poor

Question 33

poor laws for idle poor
1495-63
1547
1572
1576

Answer 33

whipped and returned to parish
if convicted of begging theyd be branded and used as a slave for 2 years. if they were convicted again branding and life long slavery. if convicted again theyd be executed
punishment increased with criminal charges if caught begging
houses of correction

Question 34

poor laws for genuine
1495-63
1547
1572
1576
1597

Answer 34

whipped and returned to parish
if convicted of begging theyd be branded and used as a slave for 2 years. if they were convicted again branding and life long slavery. if convicted again theyd be executed
some excluded from punishment because they were recognised as genuine poor
JPS required to provide work
work provided

Question 35

what was the 1601 poor law that applied to all

Answer 35

earlier laws bought together and reissued with some amendments