edward VI 1547-1553

Question 1

describe the characteristics of edward

Answer 1

he was the son of Jane seymour
he was raised protestant
as a teenager he was very influential in terms of religion within the council
he inherited the titles ‘defender of the faith’ and ‘supreme head of the church’

Question 2

who were the regents and how long did they hold power

Answer 2

somerset 1547-49

northerumberland 1549-53

Question 3

who was somerset

Answer 3

edward seymour, jane seymours brother, edwards uncle

Question 4

what problems did somerset inherit from Henry VIII and why were they difficult to approch

Answer 4

war with scotland- they had already spent 2 million but war could cause conflict with france
relgious reforms- the reform faction dominated the council but too much change might alarm catholic powers
economic and financial reform- there was growing discontent over disclosure and price rises but trying to improve national finances by rising taxes would be unpopular

Question 5

why was somerset known as the good duke, what commission dignified this

Answer 5

he had a desire to help those victim of enclosed land

commission established to investigate the legality of enclosed land

Question 6

what were the different responses to this commission

Answer 6

poor familes who had lost their land and costomery rights welcomed this commisson
gentry owners who made their wealth from sheep grazing didnt welcome it. they were angered further by raising of tax in 1548-49 on sheep and cloth

Question 7

what major economic problem did somerset have

Answer 7

inflation, many politicians didnt understand the phenomenon
rises in food prices and increase in population put pressure on agriculture
this led to social unrest and fulled rebellions alongside religion

Question 8

what approach did somerset take regarding religion

Answer 8

he understood the sensitivity in making religious change and so adopted a moderate approach- cranmer agreed

Question 9

why did protestantism appear to be dominating

Answer 9

at henry’s death, exiled protestants returned to england
the reform faction ruled the council
an increase in pamphlets against catholicism and free circulation of lutherism and calvinism writing from the relaxation of press censorship

Question 10

what religious policies came about 1547-49

6 points

Answer 10

full scale enquiry on the church was launched
the 6 articals were barred and rules for the bible to be in english was strengthened
the chanteries act abolished small relgious houses
1549 act of uniformity imposed a singular style of worship
cranmer introduced a new prayerbook setting out how services should take place

Question 11

what foreign policies occured during somersets power regarding scotland and france regarding the battle of pinkie

Answer 11

somerset was bound to the marriage agreement between edward and MQS, this wasnt wanted in scotland.
threats were made from scotland and france.
in 1547 the french king died and was replaced by henry II, somerset hoped to create an alliance to isolate scotland. however Henry renewed the anglo-scotish alliance and sent 4,00 troops to aid scotland
somerset invaded scotland with 16000 infantry and 4000 calvary backed by 30 warships. the english won at the battle of pinkie

Question 12

what were the strengths and weaknesses of the battle of pinkie

Answer 12

this gave england control over the border region howver sucess was limited because england wasnt strong enough to occupy the whole of scot

Question 13

describe the foreign policy with france inregard to MQS

Answer 13

MQS moved to france with intentions of marrying the heir.
this meant that englands foreign policy worth 600000 had cemented links between france and scotland.
by 1549 somerset was majorly concerned and removed his troops inorder to deal with rebellions and to protect england from a french invasion

Question 14

what were the 2 rebellions in 1549

Answer 14

western rebellion and Ketts

Question 15

who was involed in the western rebellion and why did they rebel

Answer 15

cornwell and devon, william body

relgion was the focus of the revolt but it was also over enclosure and inflation

Question 16

describe the events on the western rebellion

Answer 16

in cornwall, william body was killed by a mob when he attempted to take down a catholic statue. the leader of the rebellion in cornwell demanded the restoration of the catholic doctrine
in somerset mobs tore down enclosed land
the news of the new prayer book created a full scale resistance
they bought the southwest to a standstill and demanded the gov to come to them

Question 17

how did somerset respond to the western rebellion

Answer 17

news travelled to somerset slowly and he underestimated the seriousness of the situation
it was difficult for gov to respond because troops were in scot
by the time rebels controlled boarders around exter the gov faced a 2nd rebellion

Question 18

how was the westen rebellion defeated

Answer 18

the western rebels were beaten by the army

Question 19

who was involved in the Ketts rebellion and why did they rebel

Answer 19

norfolk, robert kett

bad harvest and price increase and the belief that the gov ministers were profitting from the absence of a strong king

Question 20

describe the events of the Ketts rebellion

Answer 20

gangs emerged to break enclosurers. robert kett was a land owner but agreed to end enclosure on his estate
near norwich a peaceful campaign was set up to end enclosure and improve gov and secure better clergymen
kett proclaimed that he could call on an army of 15000 if the army attacked

Question 21

how did somsert respond to the ketts rebellion

Answer 21

again somerset was slow in reponse

Question 22

how was the ketts rebellion defeated

Answer 22

the earl of warwick ended the ketts, resulting in 4000 deaths

Question 23

when was somerset excuted

Answer 23

1552

Question 24

describe northumberland

Answer 24

he was the earl of warwick in the ketts rebellion
he is recognised for working in a very difficult circumstance.
he had no direct links to edward and so had to work hard to gain sufficient support within the council

Question 25

what was northumberlands attitude to foreign policy with Scotland

Answer 25

he was willing to sacrifice influence in scotland in order to concentrate on urgent interal problems

Question 26

describe foreign policy with france during northumberlands reign

Answer 26

he realised that furture relations with france was valuable as the main enemy was spain and the HRE both ruled by charles V
in 1550 the treaty of boulogne with france was signed, it represented english defeat as the boulogne was given back to the french. england also had to remove any garrisons in scotland
france agreed on future marriage of edward to henry II daughter elizabeth

Question 27

what was northumberlands attidude to relogion

Answer 27

he was keen to support people with radical views, this secured him a dominant position on the council

Question 28

religious policies

jan 1552
treason act
2nd act of uniformity
1552
1553
attack on church wealth

Answer 28

parliament assembled a program of relgious reforms were passed
it become an offence to wuestion the royal supremacy or the beliefs of the church
it became an offense for clergy and laity not to attend church services. offenders were fined or jailed
the prayer book removed all traces of catholicism and mass. the significance of the eucharist was reduced
alters to be replaced by communion tables
commissons removed all gold and silver still held in parish churches, it was partly motivated by gov needs

Question 29

who was erasmus inrelation to humanism

Answer 29

he was the most important humanist, he advocated the life of simple virtues and felt that the catholic church needed to regorm its superstitions and corrupt behaviour
his work was translated into english

Question 30

who robert cox inrelation to humanism

Answer 30

he was edwards tudor who was a protestant humanist

Question 31

who were put incharge of financial planning

Answer 31

cecil and gresham

Question 32

how did northumberland battle inflation

Answer 32

the debasement of the coinage under Henry caused inflation. so the coinage was called in and re-issued.
more crownlands had to be sold and the gov decided to raise customs

Question 33

what social and economic problems did northumerland face

Answer 33

population raising and putting pressure on food supplies
poor harvest in 1550’s
cloth trade with netherlands was suffering, there was a sudden drop in exports in 1551 due to problems with trade at antwerp and this led to unemployment amounf textile workers

Question 34

what were northumberlands policies which reflected economic and social problems

Answer 34

the sheep tax of 1548 was repealed 1550
treason act which re-imposed censorship to restore law and order
anti-enclosure legalisations was enforced
a poor law was passed 1552 which made parishes responsible for raising money for the deserving poor

Question 35

the succession crisis; what did northumberland base his plan on (2 facts)

Answer 35

1 may had been made illegitimate when henry divorced catherine. although she had been restored, these changes were damaging
2 henry’s will had directed the successsion towards his own children, therefore northumberland planned to direct edwards will towards LJG (who married northumbderlands son) rather than mary or elizabeth

Question 36

why didnt northumberland want mary becoming Queen

Answer 36

she was catholic which caused a problem for Gov. all policies since 1550 would be swept aside along with the men who promoted them

Question 37

when did edward die

Answer 37

july 1553

Question 38

did northumberlands plan work

Answer 38

LJG reigned for 9 days before mary was crowned Queen. this demonstrated the importance of Gods rightful choice of monarch should take the throne
northumberland surrendered to mary, LJG and northerumberland were put in the tower of london

Question 39

why did mary decide to execute LJG

Answer 39

at first she recognised her as a pawn, but she also presented hope for english protestants as long as she remained alive
after an attempted rebellion from duke of suffolk ( LJG father) LJG was beheaded for treason

Question 40

how well governed was england 1547-53

Answer 40

SOMERSET’s problems werent actually his responsability. they were inherited from Henry
NORTHUMBERLAND was in control with the privy council and stability was restored, his position become weak at the death of edward
however the international situation was still very threatening and at home

Question 41

how do we know edward agreed with northumberlands plan

Answer 41

he signed the agreement