edward VI 1547-1553 Flashcards
describe the characteristics of edward
he was the son of Jane seymour
he was raised protestant
as a teenager he was very influential in terms of religion within the council
he inherited the titles ‘defender of the faith’ and ‘supreme head of the church’
who were the regents and how long did they hold power
somerset 1547-49
northerumberland 1549-53
who was somerset
edward seymour, jane seymours brother, edwards uncle
what problems did somerset inherit from Henry VIII and why were they difficult to approch
war with scotland- they had already spent 2 million but war could cause conflict with france
relgious reforms- the reform faction dominated the council but too much change might alarm catholic powers
economic and financial reform- there was growing discontent over disclosure and price rises but trying to improve national finances by rising taxes would be unpopular
why was somerset known as the good duke, what commission dignified this
he had a desire to help those victim of enclosed land
commission established to investigate the legality of enclosed land
what were the different responses to this commission
poor familes who had lost their land and costomery rights welcomed this commisson
gentry owners who made their wealth from sheep grazing didnt welcome it. they were angered further by raising of tax in 1548-49 on sheep and cloth
what major economic problem did somerset have
inflation, many politicians didnt understand the phenomenon
rises in food prices and increase in population put pressure on agriculture
this led to social unrest and fulled rebellions alongside religion
what approach did somerset take regarding religion
he understood the sensitivity in making religious change and so adopted a moderate approach- cranmer agreed
why did protestantism appear to be dominating
at henry’s death, exiled protestants returned to england
the reform faction ruled the council
an increase in pamphlets against catholicism and free circulation of lutherism and calvinism writing from the relaxation of press censorship
what religious policies came about 1547-49
6 points
full scale enquiry on the church was launched
the 6 articals were barred and rules for the bible to be in english was strengthened
the chanteries act abolished small relgious houses
1549 act of uniformity imposed a singular style of worship
cranmer introduced a new prayerbook setting out how services should take place
what foreign policies occured during somersets power regarding scotland and france regarding the battle of pinkie
somerset was bound to the marriage agreement between edward and MQS, this wasnt wanted in scotland.
threats were made from scotland and france.
in 1547 the french king died and was replaced by henry II, somerset hoped to create an alliance to isolate scotland. however Henry renewed the anglo-scotish alliance and sent 4,00 troops to aid scotland
somerset invaded scotland with 16000 infantry and 4000 calvary backed by 30 warships. the english won at the battle of pinkie
what were the strengths and weaknesses of the battle of pinkie
this gave england control over the border region howver sucess was limited because england wasnt strong enough to occupy the whole of scot
describe the foreign policy with france inregard to MQS
MQS moved to france with intentions of marrying the heir.
this meant that englands foreign policy worth 600000 had cemented links between france and scotland.
by 1549 somerset was majorly concerned and removed his troops inorder to deal with rebellions and to protect england from a french invasion
what were the 2 rebellions in 1549
western rebellion and Ketts
who was involed in the western rebellion and why did they rebel
cornwell and devon, william body
relgion was the focus of the revolt but it was also over enclosure and inflation
describe the events on the western rebellion
in cornwall, william body was killed by a mob when he attempted to take down a catholic statue. the leader of the rebellion in cornwell demanded the restoration of the catholic doctrine
in somerset mobs tore down enclosed land
the news of the new prayer book created a full scale resistance
they bought the southwest to a standstill and demanded the gov to come to them
how did somerset respond to the western rebellion
news travelled to somerset slowly and he underestimated the seriousness of the situation
it was difficult for gov to respond because troops were in scot
by the time rebels controlled boarders around exter the gov faced a 2nd rebellion
how was the westen rebellion defeated
the western rebels were beaten by the army
who was involved in the Ketts rebellion and why did they rebel
norfolk, robert kett
bad harvest and price increase and the belief that the gov ministers were profitting from the absence of a strong king
describe the events of the Ketts rebellion
gangs emerged to break enclosurers. robert kett was a land owner but agreed to end enclosure on his estate
near norwich a peaceful campaign was set up to end enclosure and improve gov and secure better clergymen
kett proclaimed that he could call on an army of 15000 if the army attacked
how did somsert respond to the ketts rebellion
again somerset was slow in reponse
how was the ketts rebellion defeated
the earl of warwick ended the ketts, resulting in 4000 deaths
when was somerset excuted
1552
describe northumberland
he was the earl of warwick in the ketts rebellion
he is recognised for working in a very difficult circumstance.
he had no direct links to edward and so had to work hard to gain sufficient support within the council
what was northumberlands attitude to foreign policy with Scotland
he was willing to sacrifice influence in scotland in order to concentrate on urgent interal problems
describe foreign policy with france during northumberlands reign
he realised that furture relations with france was valuable as the main enemy was spain and the HRE both ruled by charles V
in 1550 the treaty of boulogne with france was signed, it represented english defeat as the boulogne was given back to the french. england also had to remove any garrisons in scotland
france agreed on future marriage of edward to henry II daughter elizabeth
what was northumberlands attidude to relogion
he was keen to support people with radical views, this secured him a dominant position on the council
religious policies
jan 1552 treason act 2nd act of uniformity 1552 1553 attack on church wealth
parliament assembled a program of relgious reforms were passed
it become an offence to wuestion the royal supremacy or the beliefs of the church
it became an offense for clergy and laity not to attend church services. offenders were fined or jailed
the prayer book removed all traces of catholicism and mass. the significance of the eucharist was reduced
alters to be replaced by communion tables
commissons removed all gold and silver still held in parish churches, it was partly motivated by gov needs
who was erasmus inrelation to humanism
he was the most important humanist, he advocated the life of simple virtues and felt that the catholic church needed to regorm its superstitions and corrupt behaviour
his work was translated into english
who robert cox inrelation to humanism
he was edwards tudor who was a protestant humanist
who were put incharge of financial planning
cecil and gresham
how did northumberland battle inflation
the debasement of the coinage under Henry caused inflation. so the coinage was called in and re-issued.
more crownlands had to be sold and the gov decided to raise customs
what social and economic problems did northumerland face
population raising and putting pressure on food supplies
poor harvest in 1550’s
cloth trade with netherlands was suffering, there was a sudden drop in exports in 1551 due to problems with trade at antwerp and this led to unemployment amounf textile workers
what were northumberlands policies which reflected economic and social problems
the sheep tax of 1548 was repealed 1550
treason act which re-imposed censorship to restore law and order
anti-enclosure legalisations was enforced
a poor law was passed 1552 which made parishes responsible for raising money for the deserving poor
the succession crisis; what did northumberland base his plan on (2 facts)
1 may had been made illegitimate when henry divorced catherine. although she had been restored, these changes were damaging
2 henry’s will had directed the successsion towards his own children, therefore northumberland planned to direct edwards will towards LJG (who married northumbderlands son) rather than mary or elizabeth
why didnt northumberland want mary becoming Queen
she was catholic which caused a problem for Gov. all policies since 1550 would be swept aside along with the men who promoted them
when did edward die
july 1553
did northumberlands plan work
LJG reigned for 9 days before mary was crowned Queen. this demonstrated the importance of Gods rightful choice of monarch should take the throne
northumberland surrendered to mary, LJG and northerumberland were put in the tower of london
why did mary decide to execute LJG
at first she recognised her as a pawn, but she also presented hope for english protestants as long as she remained alive
after an attempted rebellion from duke of suffolk ( LJG father) LJG was beheaded for treason
how well governed was england 1547-53
SOMERSET’s problems werent actually his responsability. they were inherited from Henry
NORTHUMBERLAND was in control with the privy council and stability was restored, his position become weak at the death of edward
however the international situation was still very threatening and at home
how do we know edward agreed with northumberlands plan
he signed the agreement
