Queen, government and changing religious ideas

Question 1

Define jesuits

Answer 1

Dedicated to serving the Pope

Question 2

Define recusants

Answer 2

Those who refused to attend church

Question 3

Catholicism 1570’s- why were catholics exploded to fines during this period

Answer 3

By the pope forbidding catholics from attending church and either to choose loyalty to him or the Queen, they were exposed to fines.

Question 4

Catholicism 1570’s- why weren’t foreign attacks popular

Answer 4

foreign attacks weren’t popular because they saw the difference between Elizabeth being head of the church and their rightful monarch.
Most landowners were happy with the stability of her reign, social stability was much preferable to anarchy

Question 5

When did the missionary priest arrive and where from?

Answer 5

Mid-70’s, from Douai in the Netherlands

Question 6

Describe missionary priests

Answer 6

Founded by William Allen
They were trained as priests for England.
By 1590 there were over 100.
They moved in secret living with catholic families

Question 7

Catholicism in the 1st decade- what punishments were given to those who who didn’t attend church or performing mass?

Answer 7

Fines and confiscation of land
Imprisonment
These penalties were deliberately severe but not harsh.

Question 8

Catholicism in the 1st decade- was Catholicism strongly supported?

Answer 8

No, it appeared that Catholicism had little support, few parish priest refused the Oath of supremacy

Question 9

What evidence is there that Elizabeth was cautious in her policies

Answer 9

Fines for non-attendance weren’t collected.
Many clergy in the 1560’s led worship that contained traces of Catholicism.
Many priests saying mass weren’t executed until 1577
No one was asked a second time to swear an oath therefore there was no death penalty

Question 10

When did the Pope instruct English English catholics not to attend Anglican Church services?

Answer 10

1567

Question 11

When did Philip II send troops to the Netherlands to stop a rebellion against catholics

Answer 11

1567

10,000

Question 12

When did MQS arrive in England

Answer 12

1568

Question 13

When was the seminary training college for priests in Netherlands made?

Answer 13

1568

Question 14

When did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth? Add more detail

Answer 14

1570, he declared all catholics free of their loyalty to the Queen. Any catholics obeying her would also incur excommunication. He encouraged home and abroad to oppose her.

Question 15

When did catholics in France slaughter Protestants during St Bartholomew day celebration?

Answer 15

1572

Question 16

Why did Elizabeth fear that France would turn the attention to Hersey in England?

Answer 16

Because of the slaughtering of Protestants during St Bartholomew day

Question 17

When was the treason act? Give more info

Answer 17

1571, it made the denial of Elizabethan supremacy or the importation of the Popes order of excommunication

Question 18

In 1603 how much of the population was estimated to be catholic sympathies, and how many were recusants

Answer 18

10% catholic sympathises

2% were active recusants

Question 19

Reactions to the catholic threat 1580s-90s- when did the seminary priests become a threat and why?

Answer 19

Late 1570’s

With the relations with Spain and MQS several priests were excited for denying royal supremacy

Question 20

Reactions to the catholic threat 1580s-90s- Why were the jesuits seen as more dangerous?

Answer 20

They were seen as fanatics

Question 21

1580-1590- When was the Act of ‘to retain the Queen’s majesty subjects in their due obedience’ and what did it mean?

Answer 21

1581
Saying mass was a fine with 200 Marks and a years imprisonment. Failure to attend church incurred a £20 month fine (sums ordinary people couldn’t afford)

Question 22

1580-1590- When was the act ‘against jesuits seminary priests and other disobedient persons’ and what was it

Answer 22

1585

Catholic priests were to leave the country within 40 days

Question 23

1580-1590- How many catholic priests were executed under the act ‘against jesuits, seminary priests and other disobedient persons?

Answer 23

150

Question 24

1580-1590- why did the catholics become less of a threat

Answer 24

With the combination of harsh laws and the wish for most catholics to remain loyal subjects of the crown

Question 25

Was Elizabeth’s cautious policies successful?

Answer 25

No Mass was still practised in secret Among ordinary people Catholicism appears to have less support The jesuits and seminary priests clashed in regard of Spain invading Yes There was little enthusiasm for plots against Elizabeth Catholicism was surviving in the 1590’s often based on gentry households and few nobility

Question 26

Who were the puritans?

Answer 26

Hardline Protestants who found it difficult to accept the settlement because the restored Church of England was traditional in its structure and rituals. Puritans wanted to purify the church of its papal elements

Question 27

What did puritans particularly oppose?

Answer 27

The survival of bishops because they argued that it was an invention of the pope to maintain his power They also found whilst examining the bible, that the signing of the cross during baptism and wearing clerical vestments had no scriptural authority

Question 28

What form of worship characterised the Puritan tendency

Answer 28

Hardline strand against Catholicism within the church, together with a desire to create a simpler, more biblical form of worship, characterised the Puritan workship

Question 29

Describe the 3 different strains of Puritan

Answer 29

Moderate Puritan- reluctantly accepted the structure of the church and pressed for reforms along the lines of European churches Presbyterian- called for a thorough reforms of the structure of the church separatists- broke away from the national church to peruse its own radical Protestant reformation

Question 30

Describe the early stages of Puritanisms 1559 1563 1566

Answer 30

Puritan elements in society began to voice its concern at the nature of the church settlement in 1559. Complaints that the settlement was too catholic was demoted in discussions in church parliament about the 39 article 1563 And in the vestiarian controversy

Question 31

What was the vestiarian controversy?o

Answer 31

Vestments were the special clothes worn by the clergy during services. As part of the act of uniformity, Elizabeth wrote to Archbishop of Canterbury 1565 reminding him of the need to ensure that all clergy were following the religious practices. In 1566 archbishop issued the book of advertisement which set out what was expected. In London 37 clergy men refused and were suspended. The controversy rumbled on with no conclusion and no explicit support from the Queen who had no wish to provoke enemies

Question 32

When and who bought the radical dimension of Puritanism to national and royal level?

Answer 32

1570, professor at Cambridge uni. | In his lectures Cartwright argues for the abolition of bishops and called for a form of church Gov based on Calvinism.

Question 33

Describe the Calvinist idea of a church structure known as a Presbyterian model

Answer 33

Control to be exercised by the minister of each church, helped by respected elders This church was said to be closer to the form of organisation justified in the Bible

Question 34

What was Elizabeth’s reaction to the lectures and why?

Answer 34

Open horror | Because the Presbyterian system involved abolishing bishops and left very little room for ‘supreme governor’

Question 35

Presbyterianism was a threat because in Scotland...

Answer 35

MQS had been overthrown in 1560’s where Presbyterianism had been introduced

Question 36

What did Cartwright lectures result in?

Answer 36

He had little influence but the matter was debated in parliament which resulted in the 39 articles 1563 being formally approved which meant clergy had to accept these articles.

Question 37

When was admonitions published and what was it about?

Answer 37

1572, it argues that a Presbyterian structure was the only sanctioned by the bible

Question 38

what were the main reasons for the survival of the church by 1603

Answer 38

the 1559 settlement created religious and political stability. peer pressure- attendence at church was made compulsory from 1559. in small villiages those who didnt attend church would be isolated catholicism was degraded with its association with rebellions against rightful monarch

Question 39

who was robert hooker and why did he say the church survived

Answer 39

he wrote the laws of eccleslastical policy 1593 | he said the church survived because he accepted that the church was a compromise

Question 40

how did eliz create her image at court

Answer 40

she needed to promote herself as strong with perfect health she toned down the extravagance at court to save money and portray herself as careful. everyday a poorman at the palace gates was given 5 pence courtly rituals were designed to portray eliz as the provider of honours and glory dances and staged masques portrayed her as peaceful and plenty the standard image of the queen appeared in all photos, even as her hair began to grow thin and her teeth fall out the reluctance to commit herself to marriage was turned into positive propaganda she deliberately created a masculine persona to command people but also used the fact she was a women to charm them

Question 41

what was the court

Answer 41

was the hub of social and political life. it incorporated the privy council and chamber. to achieve social status and future titles, royal officals had to attend court to secure royal permissions for their actions

Question 42

who was robert dudley

Answer 42

``` (that guy that she rlly liked) earl of Leicester he led the more radical group of politicans, he supported defeating catholicism and grew fusrtated at the Queens moderate policies. didnt like cecil occasionally argued with the Queen ```

Question 43

what was the system of patronage

Answer 43

eliz was aware that she needed to gain and retain the loyalty of her subjects, this was partly achieved by granting favours carefully so that goodwill was maintained and few would lend their support to her enemies eliz saw the danger of being too liberal with patronages, they were valued more if not given too freely

Question 44

gives some examples of patronages

Answer 44

grant of office grant of pensions grants of land grants of monopolies

Question 45

what does monopoly mean

Answer 45

having the sole legal right to make or import commodities

Question 46

what was elizs involvement in the arts

Answer 46

her reign coincided with flowering of the arts, she as keen to support this she was a skilled musican and spent lavishly on music and encourages composers

Question 47

what was eliz involvement in education

Answer 47

renaissance thinking and writing flourished printing continued to increase, the extent of influence depended on your ability to read many could read but not write fewer than 20% could sign their own name there was more opportunities to learn to read in eliz reign

Question 48

give evidence of factional rivalries in eliz reign

Answer 48

cecil vs earl of leicester- cecil held the most influence at court, he controlled patronages and policies. leicester didnt like cecil. leicester discouraged the marriage and urged for military intervention to support protestant rebels however cecil wanted to avoid war at all costs. leicester was favoured by the Queen eliz vs council- over her decison to marry archduke charles, leicester tried to prevent this eliz rejects charles 1567 eliz vs council- on her decison to meet MQS, she didnt go cecil&bacon vs leicester&arundel- c&b wanted to establish foreign alliance with protestant whereas l&a favoured an agreement with MQA and france eliz vs council- council wanted eliz to sign MQS death warrent, eliz reluctantly signs it

Question 49

what three main reasons did eliz call parliment

Answer 49

To help pass ACTS OF PARLIAMENT laws which were approved by both house of parliament and the monarch. To approve taxes, which could only be collected if parliament agreed to them? To provide her with support and advice

Question 50

what evidence is there that there was conflict between eliz and parliament 6

Answer 50

- by 1600s over half the MPS had uni degrees which meant they could argue more strongly against the crown - 1566 MPS argued eliz over discussion of the succesion - 1563-66 'puritan party' of about 40 MPS wanted to take the church further away from catholicism - 1576 peter wentworth was imprisoned for demanding greater freedom of speech - 1601 parliament crashed on the issues of monolpolies - MPS successfully refused to grant her additional taxes for war against spain

Question 51

what evidence is there that there wasnt conflict between eliz and parliament 6

Answer 51

- only 13 parliaments were summonded and each sat for short periods - eliz ruled through privy council without the need for parliamentry legalisations - eliz refused all attempts made by gov for her to marry - the puritain party was less united and powerful than suggested. it failed to bring about change - although wentworth argued for freedom of speech he dindt have much suspport - eliz summoned parliament for money regularly and almost every occasion she received it

Question 52

describe the privy council in eliz reign

Answer 52

all their power deprived from the monarch eliz reduced the size to 20 to make it easier to handle and reduce the power of the nobility during 1590 when england was at war with spain and facing econmoic difficulties, the council met 6 times a week rather than 3

Question 53

what were the 4 main functions of the privy council

Answer 53

to adivse the queen coordinate the work of different elements of gov royal court of law administered public policy

Question 54

why did the variety of privy councillors work increase

Answer 54

they were engaged in petitions, the request of help from individuals. wealthy individuals approched the council rather than rely on the legal system

Question 55

what was the significance of the privy council

Answer 55

this was still an age of personal monarchy, where by the queen was expected to take important decisions and have a final say. in some policies (succession, netherlands and MQS) the council was unable to exert much pressure on eliz. however well argued points could sway her

Question 56

what was a lord lieutenant

Answer 56

they were a local offical, they were respoonsible fo raising local militias during henry VIII reign. during eliz reign they acquried additional roles- they were appointed in almost county. they managed the raising of troops and supervised JPS and reported local events to the privy council

Question 57

When does we stop referring to Cecil as Cecil and refer to him as lord burghley

Answer 57

1572 when he becomes lord treasurer

Question 58

Describe whitgifts attack on Presbyterianism during 1580’s

Answer 58

1580s saw the purging from the church of its Presbyterian elements. Whitgift was appointed after grindal died, he shared the same views as eliz and had no sympathy with the puritans and was determined to enforce uniformity. He issued the 3 articles which forced all ministers to swear an oath of acceptance to bishop, prayer book and 39 articles. The result was uproar and 300 ministers were suspended. Letters of complaints enabled many to be reinstated, however strict control enforced an end to Presbyterian practises

Question 59

Define prophesying

Answer 59

Organised gatherings of clergymen at which young preachers could practise their art and receive advise They didn’t show influence of Presbyterian on the structure of the church, they empathised education the clergy

Question 60

Was prophesying supported

Answer 60

They had full support from local bishops Those opposing the meetings argued that the Puritan clergy were able to increase the number of competent preachers at their disposal and get around the right licensing laws Eliz ordered Archbishop of Canterbury (grindal) to suppress prophesying but he decided they weren’t a threat.

Question 61

Why did the disputes from Puritan group quieten down

Answer 61

Events like the massacre of st Bartholomew day, the threats from Spain and France meant the disputes quietened down

Question 62

Define the separatist movement

Answer 62

Other reformers

Question 63

Why is evidence of separatists difficult to find | What is the best documented separatists

Answer 63

It is difficult to find because it was illegal BROWNIST- 1580 an inpatient reformer called Browne established a separatist group. He argued that the cherub was corrupt by catholic traces. True Christians should leave in favour of separatists