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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > The brain-Nervous system part 3 > Flashcards

The brain-Nervous system part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brain stem
  4. Cerebellum
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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
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4
Q

True or false?

The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain.

A

True

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5
Q

Label 1-8

A
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6
Q

Where is the midbarain in relation to the diencephalon?

A

Inferior to the diencephalon

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7
Q

What does the medulla oblongta turn into as it passes through the foramen magnum?

A

It becomes the spinal cord

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8
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The medulla oblongata

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9
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The pons

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10
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The midbrain

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11
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus)

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12
Q

Where is the pituitary gland in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Inferior to the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The cerebellum

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14
Q

What area of the brain is this?

A

The cerebrum

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15
Q

What protection does the brain have?

A
  1. The skull
  2. The meninges
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of meninges?

A
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Dura mater
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17
Q

What does the pia mater adhere to?

A

Adheres tightly to the surface of the brain

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18
Q

True or false?

The arachnoid mater includes the guri and the sulci.

A

False; the pia mater includes the gyri and the sulci

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19
Q

What space in the brain contains the CSF?

A

The subarachnoid space

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20
Q

True or false?

The arachnoid mater does not adhere tightly to the pia mater at all times.

A

True

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21
Q

What does the subarachnoid space form?

A

It forms cisterns

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22
Q

What do cisterns in the subarachnoid space contain?

A

They are filled with CSF

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23
Q

What are arachnoid villi and what is their function?

A

-They are finger like extensions that project into the dural venous sinuses that.
-They are one way valves that allow CSF into the blood, but not blood into the CSF

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24
Q

How many layers are there to the dura mater in the brain?

A

2 layers (the spine only has one)

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25
Q

What are the layers of the dura mater?

A
  1. Periosteal layer (outer)
  2. Meningeal layer (inner)
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26
Q

True or false?

The epidural space in the brain is located between the arachnoid and pia mater.

A

FALSE; THERE IS NO EPIDURAL SPACE IN THE BRAIN

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27
Q

Are the layers of the dura mater fused?

A

Yes, except where they surround the venous sinuses

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28
Q

What pathology is being shown in this image?

A

An epidural bleed

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29
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull?

A

The pterion

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30
Q

What can a epidural bleed lead to?

A

Increases intercraineal pressure which can lead to herneation

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31
Q

What is the pterion a landmark for?

A

A landmark for the middle menningeal artery

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32
Q

What are the 3 extensions of the dura mater?

A
  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Falx cerebelli
  3. Tentorium cerebelli
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33
Q

What does the flax cerebri seperate?

A

Separates the 2 cerebral hemishperes

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34
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located in the brain and where does it attach to?

A

-Located in the longitudinal fissue and attaches anteriorly to the crista galli

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35
Q

What does the flax cerebelli separate?

A

Sparates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum

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36
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

A

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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37
Q

What is occuring during a herneation in the brain?

A

The medulla oblonogata is being pushed into the foramen magnum

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38
Q

Which bleed is more severe; a subdural bleed, or an epidural bleed? Why?

A

Epidural bleed; because epidural bleed involves the arterioles as opposed to the venuoles in a subdural bleed.

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39
Q

What is located within the sinuses of the brain?

A

Venous blood

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40
Q

Picture for understanding.

A

Absorb all information through osmosis :)

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41
Q

Label 1-3

A

1=Flax cerebri
2=Tentorium cerebelli
3=Falx cerebelli

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42
Q

What are the red and blue arrows pointing to?

A

Red: Falx cerebri
Blue: Tentorium cerebelli

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43
Q

What are the 2 arrows pointing to in this image?

A

Upper arrows: Flax cerebri
Lower arrows: Tentroium cerebelli

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44
Q

What pathology is being shown in this image?

A

Tumours within the cerebellum and cerebrum

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45
Q

What are the 3 sources of blood flow within brain?

A
  1. Internal carotid artery
  2. Verebral artery
  3. Internal jugular vein
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46
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the anterior and middle parts of the brain

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47
Q

What does the verebral artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the posterior part of the brain

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48
Q

What is the function of the internal jugular vein within the brain?

A

Blood drains from the dural venous sinuses aand deeper veins into the internal jugular vein

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49
Q

How much of the brain represents our total body weight?

A

2%

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50
Q

How much of the bodys blood supply does the brain recieve?

A

20%

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51
Q

What percentage of the glucose and oxygen does the brain consume?

A

20%

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52
Q

True or false?

The brain can store glucose.

A

False

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53
Q

Where are tight junctions formed?

A

Bettween the brain tissue and capillaries

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54
Q

What type of neuroglia in the CNS is thought to have an important function with the blood brain barrier?

A

The astrocytes

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55
Q

True or false?

The blood brain barrier is semi-permeable.

A

True

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56
Q

What substances does the blood brain barrier allow through?

A
  1. O2
  2. CO2
  3. Steriod hormones
  4. Alcohol
  5. Caffiene
  6. Water
  7. Glucose
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57
Q

What substances is the blood brain barrier impermeable to?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Toxins
  3. Most antibiotics
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58
Q

What can cause a breakdown of the BBB?

A

Trauma, inflammation and certain toxins.

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59
Q

What are the 3 functions of the CSF?

A
  1. Mechanical protection
  2. Homeostatic function
  3. Circulation
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60
Q

What substances does the CSF contain?

A

O2, glucose, proteins, ions

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61
Q

How does the CSF provide mechanical protection?

A

It is a shock absorber

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62
Q

How does the CSF provide a homeostatic function?

A

The pH of SCF affects the cerebral blood flow and pulmonary ventilation

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63
Q

What occurs during circulation in the CSF?

A

A minor exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and adjacent nervous tissue occur

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64
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

In the choroid plexus (a network of capillaries) in the walls of all the ventricles

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65
Q

How many mL of CSF is produced daily?

A

500mL

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66
Q

How many mL of CSF is preent in the body at any given time?

A

125 mL present

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67
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Reabsorbed in the arachnoid villi, and then the venous blood

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68
Q

True or false?

Typically with CSF, reabsorption and production are equal.

A

True

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69
Q

If reabsorption of CSF is affected, what can occur?

A

Hydocephalus (too much fluid in the brain)

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70
Q

What happens to infants affected by hypdrocephalus?

A

The skull enlarges

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71
Q

Is hydrocephalus a life threatening condition?

A

Yes in adults because the skulll is fused and can then cause herneation

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72
Q

Where is CSF found in the body?

A
  1. Ventricels
  2. Cisterns
  3. Subarachnoid space or the brain and spinal cord
  4. Central canal of the spinal cord
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73
Q

How do you demonstrate a check valve (ventriculoperitoneal shunt)

A

RPO, 180 cm, small fs, grid, 75 kVp

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74
Q

What is a VP shunt?

A

It travels from the ventricle to the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity under the skin to provide nutrients to a removed part of the skull located in the abdomen

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75
Q

What do they do to treat an adult with hydrocephalus?

A

Remove part of the skull and put it into the abdomen. Then provide a VP shunt for nutirents to the removed part of the skull

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76
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A
  1. Lateral ventricles (2)
  2. Third ventricle
  3. Fourth ventricle
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77
Q

What is the largest ventricle?

A

The lateral ventricles

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78
Q

What are the different parts of the lateral ventricles?

A
  1. Anterior/frontal horn
  2. Body
  3. Posterior/occipital horn
  4. Inferior/temporal horn
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79
Q

What does the 2 lateral ventricles contain?

A

CSF

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80
Q

What do the anterior/frontal horns communicate with?

A

Communicates with the thrid ventricle throught eh interventricular foramina

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81
Q

What does the third ventricle communicate with?

A

Communicates with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct

82
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct pass through? What does it connect?

A

Passes through the midbrain connecting the 3rd ventricle with the 4rth ventricle

83
Q

Where is the third ventricle?

A

Sits midline within the diencephalon

84
Q

What ventricle ultimely becomes the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

The fourth ventricle

85
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

Located posterior to the pons (in the anterior part of the cerebellum)

86
Q

What does the fourth ventricle communicate with?

A

Communicates with the subarachnoid space via 3 openings in the roof; the median aperture (1), and the lateral apertures (2)

87
Q

Label 1-8

A
  1. Infeior horn
  2. Lateral ventricle
  3. Anterior horn
  4. Third ventricle
  5. Cerebral aqueduct
  6. Fourth ventricle
  7. Posterior horn
  8. Inferior horn
  9. Lateral apeture
88
Q

What is the pathway of CSF starting from the fourth ventricles choroid plexus?

A
  1. Fourth ventricle
    a. Through lateral and median apetures to the central canal of spinal cord OR;
  2. Subarachnoid space
  3. Arachnoid villi of dural venous sinuses
  4. Heart and lungs
  5. Aterial blood
89
Q

What is the pathway of CSF starting athte third ventricles choroid plexus?

A
  1. Third ventricle; through the aqueduct of the midbrain
    2.Fourth ventricle
    a. Through lateral and median apetures to the central canal of spinal cord OR;
  2. Subarachnoid space
  3. Arachnoid villi of dural venous sinuses
  4. Heart and lungs
  5. Aterial blood
89
Q

True or false?

The subarachnoid space of the brain is continous witht the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.

90
Q

What is the pathway of CSF starting at the lateral ventricles choroid plexus?

A
  1. Lateral ventricles; through interventricular formania
  2. Third ventricle; through the aqueduct of the midbrain
    3.Fourth ventricle
    a. Through lateral and median apetures to the central canal of spinal cord OR;
  3. Subarachnoid space
  4. Arachnoid villi of dural venous sinuses
  5. Heart and lungs
  6. Aterial blood
91
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Frontal horn of the lateral ventricle
  2. Thrid ventricle
  3. Interventricular foramina
  4. Falx cerebelli
  5. Cerebellum
92
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Frontal/anterior horns of lateral ventricles
  2. VP shunt in the posterior/occipital horn of the lateral ventricle
  3. Falx cerebri
93
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Temporal lobe of cerebrum
  2. Temporal/inferior horns of the lateral ventricle
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Pons
  5. 4th ventricle
  6. Falx cerebelli
94
Q

Where is the pons located?

A

Directly anteiror to the 4th ventricle and posterior to the clivus

95
Q

What is the cerebrum known as?

A

“the seat of intellegence”

96
Q

What are the main functions that the cerebrum is responsible for?

A

Reading, writting, making calculations, speaking, remebering the past, planning for the future

97
Q

What percentage of the brain mass does the cerebrum make up?

A

Over 80% of the brain mass

98
Q

What divides the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

The longitudinal fissue

99
Q

True or false?

The hemisphere acts on only sensory functions of the opposite side of the body.

A

False; each hemisphere acts on both sensory and motor functions on the opposite side of the body.

100
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
  5. Insula
101
Q

What are the 5 gray matter present in the cerebrum?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex (Gyri, Sulci, Fissures)
  2. Basal nuclei
102
Q

Describe the structural formation of the gyri:

A

Convolutions that form an out-curve

103
Q

Describe the structural formation of the sulci

A

Shallow grooves

104
Q

Describe the structural formation of the fissures:

A

Deep grooves

105
Q

What are the 2 landmarks of the gyri?

A
  1. Precentral
  2. Postcentral
106
Q

What are the 2 landmarks of the sulci?

A
  1. Lateral sulci
  2. Central sulci
107
Q

What are the landmarks of the fissures in the cerebrum?

A

The longitudinal fissure

108
Q

What does the cerebral cortex contain?

A
  1. Gryri, fissures, and sulci
  2. Billions of neurons
109
Q

What is the basal nuclei?

A

Gray matter located deep within the cerebrum

110
Q

What are the 2 types of basal nuclei?

A
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Lentiform nucleus
111
Q

Where is the lentiform nucleus?

A

Posterior and lateral to the caudate nucleus

112
Q

Where is the caudate nucleus located?

A

Follows the curve of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

113
Q

What are the 4 functions of the lentiform nucleus?

A
  1. Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone
  2. Coordination of learned movement
  3. Important in starting, stopping and monitoring movement
  4. Plays role in inititaling and terminating cognitive processes
114
Q

What connects the right and left hemisphers of the cerebrum?

A

A bundle of white matter tracts called the corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

115
Q

What is located deep to the cerebral cortex?

A

The white matter

116
Q

What is the white matter in the brain and what is its function?

A

Tracts of neurons that connect parts of the brain to each other and the spinal cord

117
Q

What function does the precentral gyrus control?

A

Motor function

118
Q

What function does the post central gyrus control?

A

Sensory function

119
Q

What is located between the precentral gyrus and the post central gyrus?

A

The central sulcus

120
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Separates the frontal from the parietal sulcus

121
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Insula
  2. Lentiform nucleus
  3. Caudate nucleus
  4. Corpus collasum
  5. Third ventricle
122
Q

Label 5 (abc), 10, 14, 12

A

5: Corpus collosum
10: Pons
14: 4th ventricle
12: Cerebellum

123
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Corpus collosum
  2. Caudate nuclus
  3. Lentiform nucleus
124
Q

Label 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 a+b

A
  1. Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
  2. Third ventricle
  3. Caudate nucleus
    5=Lentiform nucleus
    8=Thalamus
    9=a. Corpus collosum (white matter)
    b=Cerebral cortex (gray matter)
125
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual area

126
Q

What is the main function of the insula?

A

The additional area of gustation (taste)

127
Q

What are the 2 functions of the temporal lobe? What structure does it contain?

A
  1. Primary olfactory area
  2. Primary auditory area
    -Contains wernicke’s area (L side only)
128
Q

Where is the diencephalon located? What is it enclosed by?

A

Sits on top of hte brain stem (enclosed by the hemispheres)

129
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Epithalamus
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
130
Q

What does the diencephalon surround?

A

Surrounds the 3rd ventricle

131
Q

What gland is located within the epithalamus?

A

The pineal gland

132
Q

What gland is located within the hypothalamus?

A

The pituitary gland

133
Q

What structure does the parietal lobe contain?

A

Wernickes area

134
Q

What is wernikes area?

A

-General interpretive area (interprets the meaning of speech)

135
Q

What is the primary area (lobe) for taste?

A

The parietal lobe

136
Q

What structure is located within the frontal lobe?

A

Brocas speech area

137
Q

Where is the primary motor area located at, and what is its function?

A

Located at the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe which consiously moves skeletal muscle

138
Q

Where is the premotor cortex located, and what is its function?

A

Located in the frontal lobe, and is responsible for our learned motor skills

139
Q

Where is the primary somatic sensory area located?

A

The parietal lobes

140
Q

What are the main functions of the parietal lobe?

A

-Recognizes pain, tempurature, or light touch
-Integrates and interprets senses

141
Q

What lobe is the post central gyrus located in?

A

In the parietal lobe

142
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

Superior to the midbrain

143
Q

What does the thalamus contain and what are it main functions?

A

-Contains nuclei
-Nuclei serve as relay stations for all sensoryy impulses (exept smell) to reach the primary sensory area
-Transmits information from the cerebellum to the primary motor area

144
Q

What is projected from the hypothalamus?

A

The hypophysis (pituitary gland)

145
Q

List 4 functions of the pituitary gland:

A
  1. Controls the ANS
  2. Coordinates between nervous and endocrine system
  3. Controls body temp
  4. Regulates hunger/thirst
146
Q

Where is the epithalamus located?

A

Superior and posterior to the thalamus and superior to the 3rd ventricle

147
Q

Where is the habenular nuclei located and what is its function?

A

Located in the epithalamus and is responsible for emotional responses to odours

148
Q

Where is the pineal gland located and what is its function?

A

Located in the epithalamus and is responsible for secreting melatonin and promoting sleepiness

149
Q

What are the functions of the limbic system?

A
  1. Links the consuous, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious and autonomic functions of the brain stem
  2. Memory storage
  3. Motivator
  4. Pleasure, pain, anger, fear, affection
150
Q

Where is the limbic system located?

A

Encircles the upper part of the brain stem, inner border of cerebrum and the floor the diencephalon

151
Q

What is the most superior part of the brain stem?

A

The midbrain

152
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

Between the pons and the diencephalon

153
Q

What are the 2 functions of hte midbrain?

A
  1. Coordinates head and neck movement in response to visual and auditory stimulus
  2. Controls the reflex center for eye movement
154
Q

What crainial nerves are located in the midbrain?

A
  1. Ocularmotor (III)
  2. Trochlear (IV)
155
Q

What crainial nerves are located within the pons?

A
  1. Trigeminal (V)
  2. Abdeucens (VI)
  3. Facial (VII)
  4. Vistibulocochlear (VIII)
156
Q

What is the main funcction of the pons?

A

Together with the medulla, areas in the pons help control breathing

157
Q

What crainial nerves are located within the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  2. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  3. Vagus (X)
  4. Accessory (XI)
  5. Hypoglossal (XII)
158
Q

What are the functions of the grey matter of the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. Cardiac center adjusts rate + force of heart beat
  2. Vasomotor center adjusts blood vessel diameter
  3. Respiratory centers control rate and depth of breathing
  4. Reflex centers for coughing, sneexing, gagging, ect
159
Q

What are the 2 sections of the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. White matter
  2. Grey matter
160
Q

What are the external bulges of the white matter called and what is their function?

A

-Called the pyrimids
-Responsible for decusssation of the pyrimids (crossing over)

161
Q

What does the white matter of the medulla oblongata contain?

A
  1. Ascending and descending tracts to the spinal cord
  2. Pyramids
162
Q

What are the pyramids in the medulla oblongata formed by?

A

Formed by the largest motor and sensory tracts in the body

163
Q

Label 1, 5, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24

A

1=Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
5=4rth ventricle
18=3rd ventricle
19=Epithalamus
20=Midbrain
23=Pons
24=Medulla oblongata

164
Q

T/F?

The cerebrum occupies the posterior crainieal fossa?

A

False, the cerebellum

165
Q

What are the 2 sections of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Grey matter
  2. White matter
166
Q

How do you differenciate between the cerebellum and cerebrum on a radiographic image?

A

By the folia, because it has slender parallel folds

167
Q

Where is the cerebellar nuclei located within the cerebellum?

A

Deep within the white matter

168
Q

Where is the abor vitae located and what are its functions?

A

-Located in the white matter of the cerebellum
-Functions: Regulates posture and balance, smooths and coordinates contractions of skeletal muscle, and may have a role in cognition and language processing

169
Q

What is ataxia and what can it be caused by?

A

-It is the loss of the ability to coordinate movements
-Can be caused by; MS, parkinsons, alcohol, tumours

170
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Pons
  2. 4th ventricle
  3. Cerebellum
171
Q

Label 1 and 2

A

1=Inferior/temporal horns of the lateral ventricles
2=Cerebellum

172
Q

What modality is best for looking at the brain?

173
Q

How many pars of cranial nerves are there and what system are the crainial nerves part of?

A

-12 pairs
-Part of the PNS

174
Q

What do the numbers of the crainial nerves indicate?

A

The number indicates the order from which the crainial nerves arise from the brain, going from anterior to posterior

175
Q

What are the crainial nerves in order?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Acessory nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve
176
Q

What crainial nerves are snesory?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
177
Q

What crainial nerves are motor?

A
  1. Oculomotor nerve
  2. Trochlear nerve
  3. Abducens
  4. Acessory nerve
  5. Hypoglossal nerve
178
Q

What crainial nerves are mixed?

A
  1. Trigeminal
  2. Facial
  3. Glossopharyngeal
  4. Vagus
179
Q

What does the olfactory nerve travel through?

A

Goes through the cribiform plate to the olfactory bulb to the tract.

180
Q

What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

A
  1. Retina
  2. Optic foramen
  3. Optic nerve
  4. Optic chiasm
  5. Optic tract
  6. Thalamus
  7. Visual cortex
181
Q

What structure doe the optic nerve travel through beofre going to the optic chiasm?

A

The larger wing of sphenoid

182
Q

What is the pathway of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Orbit (superior orbital fissure)
  3. Eye
183
Q

How many muscles of the eye does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

184
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Rotations of the eye and eyelid

185
Q

What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Superior orbital fissure
  3. Orbit
  4. Eye
186
Q

What are the divisions of the sensory section of the trigeminal nerve? What is its function?

A
  1. Ophthalmic V1
  2. Maxiallary V2
  3. Mandibular divisions V3
    - Provides sensations from the face, nasal caities, lacrimal gland, and palate to the pons
187
Q

What are the divisions of the motor section of the trigeminal nerve? What is its function?

A

The mandivular divisions (traveling through foramen ovale)
-Responsible for all muscles of mastication

188
Q

What is the pathway of th abducens nerve? What is its function

A
  1. Pons
  2. Orbit (superior orbital fissure)
  3. Eye
    -Function is to rotate the eye lateraly
189
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocohlear nerve?

A

Equilibrium and balance

190
Q

What are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  1. Innervates tounge and pharynx and involved in swallowing and gag reflex
  2. Tate from posterior 1/3 of tounge
191
Q

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

-Innervates visceral organs of thorax and abdomen
-The motor nerves go to the vocal cords and pharynx

192
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

The vagus nerve

193
Q

What branch does the acessory nerve contain?

A

The medullary and spinal branch

194
Q

What does the hypoglassal nerve innervate?

A

The intrinsic and extrinic muscles of the tounge

195
Q

What nerve is being represented here?

A

Optic nerve

196
Q

Label 1-8

A
  1. Optic nerve
  2. Optic chiasm
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Facial nerve
  7. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  8. Abducens
197
Q

Label 1 and 2

A

1=Petrous ridges
2=Internal auditory canal

198
Q

What nervous system does the vagus nerve interface?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system

199
Q

What happens if the vagus nerve is stimulated too much?

A

Vasovagal reaction

200
Q

Label the blue boxes

201
Q

Label 1-9

A
  1. Sulcus
  2. Gyrus
  3. Thalamus (3rd ventricle)
  4. Midbrain
  5. Pons
  6. Cerebellum
  7. 4rth ventricle
  8. Medulla oblongata
  9. Spinal cord

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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