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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Cardiovascular vessels 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular vessels 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 parts of the aorta?

A
  1. Ascending
  2. Aortic arch
  3. Thoracic
  4. Abdominal
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2
Q

Where is the ascending aorta located?

A

From the aortic valve to the sternal angle

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3
Q

Where is the aortic arch located?

A

T4/T5

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4
Q

Where is the Thoracic aorta located?

A

From T4/T5 to T12

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5
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus located?

A

T12

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6
Q

Where is the abdominal aorta located?

A

From aortic hiatus OR L1-L4

(KNOW THIS WELL)

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7
Q

Where is the ascending aorta in relation to the pulmonary trunk?

A

It is posterir to the pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

Which was does the ascending aorta travel?

A

Travels superior and anterior

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9
Q

What part of the aorta are there coronary arteries located on?

A

Located on the ascending aorta

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10
Q

Which way is the aortic arch directed?

A

Direted superiorly and posteriorly

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11
Q

What three arteries come off of the aortic arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic artery/trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian
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12
Q

T/F

The right brachiocephalic artery/trunk is located superioly to the SVC.

A

FALSE; There is no right brachiocephalic trunk/artery

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13
Q

What body position places the aortic arch parallel to the IR?

A

45 degrees RPO/LAO position

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14
Q

What two coronary branches come off of the ascending aorta?

A

The left and right coronary arteries

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15
Q

What arteries come off the right coronary artery?

A
  1. Posterior descending artery
  2. Marginal branch
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16
Q

What arteries come off of the left coronary artery?

A
  1. Left descending artery
  2. Circumflex branch
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17
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian
  4. Arch of aorta
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18
Q

Label 2,3,4
What body position is the patient in?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian artery
    -RPO/LAO
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19
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
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20
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. Right common carotid artery
  2. Right subclavian artery
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21
Q

What are the 4 main systemic arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A
  1. Right internal carotid artery
  2. Left internal carotid artery
  3. Right vertebral artery
  4. Left vertebral artery
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22
Q

What does the common carotid branch into?

A

It branches into the internal and external carotid arteries.

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23
Q

At what level does common carotid branch into the internal and external cartotid arteries?

A

Branches into the internal and external cartotid arteries at the level of C4

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24
Q

What forms the first part of the internal carotid artery?

A

The carotid sinus

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25
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

A

Enters the skull through the carotid canal of the temporal bone

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26
Q

What does the internal carotid artery branch into, and where?

A

Internal carotid artery branches into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries at the pituitary gland.

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27
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the frontal lobe of the cerebrum

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28
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the temporal and parietal lobes

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29
Q

What artery does th vertebral artery arise from?

A

Vertebral artery arises from the subclavian arteries

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30
Q

Where do the verebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Enter the skull through the foramen magnum

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31
Q

Where do the verebral arteries ascend through?

A

Ascends through the transverse formania of the C-spine

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32
Q

What do the right and left verbral arteries unite to form?

A

They unite to form the basilar artery

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33
Q

Where does the basilar artery travel in relationi to the brain stem?

A

Travels anterior to the brain stem

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34
Q

What does the basilar artery split to form?

A

Splits to form the right and left posterior cerebral arteries

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35
Q

If contrast was injected into the posterior cerebral arteries, which side(s) of the brain would contrast be present in?

A

Contrast would be present into the posterior portion of both left and right sides of the cerebrum and cerebellum

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36
Q

Label 1&2

A
  1. Carotid canal
  2. Jugular foramen
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37
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Right internal carotid artery
  2. Right vertebral artery
  3. Right subclavian artery
  4. Brachiocephalic trunk
  5. Right external carotid artery
  6. Right common carotid
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38
Q

What is this describing?

Elaborate anastomoses of the entrire circulation to the brain

A

The circle of willis

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39
Q

If inserting a catheter into the brain, is it better to go into the left or the right side of the brain?

A

Left side, because its eaiser to acess due to the fact that the brachiocephalic trunk is not present

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40
Q

What does the circle of willis surround?

A

Surrounds the pituitary gland

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41
Q

What connects the anterior cerebral arteries?

A

The anterior communicating artery

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42
Q

What is the main purpose of the anterior communicating artery?

A

To provide a right to left shunt in the brain for prevention of blockages

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43
Q

What is the main purpose of the posterior communicating artery?

A

Provides an antterior to posterior shunt in the brain for prevention of blockages

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44
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery connect?

A

Connects the posterior cerebral artery with the internal carotid artery

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45
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. Posterior communicating artery
  2. Anterior communicating artery
  3. Anterior cerebral artery
  4. Middle cerebral artery
  5. Posterior cerebral artery
  6. Basilar artery
  7. Vertebral artery
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46
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Right internal carotid artery
  2. Right anterior cerebral artery
  3. Right middle cerebral artery
  4. Anterior communicating artery
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47
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Right vertebral artery
  2. Right basilar artery
  3. Right posterior cerebral artery
  4. Right posterior communicating artery
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48
Q

If blood was blocked in both verebral arteries, where would the blood go to?

A

Blood would into the posterior cerebral artery

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49
Q

What is being shown here?

A

The circle of willis

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50
Q

Where does the subclavian artery supply bood to?

A
  1. Upper extremities
  2. Head
  3. Thorax
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51
Q

What does the subclavian artery branch into? Where does it become this artery?

A

Branches into the axiallary artery at the lateral edge of the 1st rib

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52
Q

What are the major branches of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
  2. Vertebral artery
  3. Thyrocervical artery
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53
Q

What does the axillary artery branch into? Where does it become this artery?

A

Axiallary artery becomes the brachial artery when it leaves the axilla at the lateral margin of the first rib

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54
Q

What areas does the axillary artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the scapula, humerus, shoulder and thoracic muscles

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55
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Internal thoracic artery
  2. Axiallary artery
  3. Thyrocervical trunk
  4. Vertebral artery
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56
Q

What artery is most commonly used to obtain blood pressure?

A

The brachial artery

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57
Q

What does the brachial artery branch into? At what level?

A

-Brachial artery branches into the radial and unlar arteries at the antecubital fossa

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58
Q

Which artery is smaller, the radial artery or the ulnar artery?

A

The radial artery

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59
Q

Where does the radial artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the posterior forearm

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60
Q

Where does the ulnar artery supply blood to?

A

Supplies blood to the anterior forearm

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61
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Right subclavian
  2. Right axillary
  3. Right brachial
  4. Right radial
  5. Right ulnar
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62
Q

What branches of arteries does the thoracic descending aorta provide?

A

Provides the visceral and parital branches

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63
Q

Label 1&2

A
  1. Aortic arch
  2. Left border of the thoracic aorta
64
Q

T/F

The abdominal aorta contains both visceral and parietal artery branches

65
Q

What are the 6 arteries that come off of the abdominal aorta

A
  1. Inferior phrenic arteries
  2. Celiac trunk
  3. Superior mesenteric artery
  4. Renal arteries
  5. Gonadal arteries
  6. Inferior mesenteric artery
66
Q

T/F

The right renal artery is longer

67
Q

T/F

The renal vein is more anterior than the renal arteries

68
Q

What part of the aorta does the celiac trunk come off of?

A

Comes off of the anterior part of the aorta

69
Q

What 3 arteries does the celiac trunk branch into?

A
  1. Left gastric artery
  2. Splenic artery
  3. Common hepatic artery
70
Q

What organs does the common hepatic artery supply blood to?

5

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gallbadder
  3. Stomach
  4. Pancreas
  5. Superior part of duodenum
71
Q

What artery provides blood here?

  1. Spleen
  2. Pancreas
  3. Fundus
  4. Greater curvature of stomach
  5. Greater omentum

5

A

splenic artery

72
Q

What artery supplies blood here?

  1. Lesser curvature of stomach
  2. Lesser omentum
A

Left gastric artery

73
Q

What does the splenic artery divide into?

A
  1. Pancreatic arteries
  2. Left gastro-omental artery
  3. Short gastric artery
74
Q

What arteries does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A
  1. Hepatic artery proper
  2. Right gastric artery
  3. Gastroduodenal artery
75
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Superior mesenteric artery
  2. Common hepatic artery
  3. Celiac trunk
  4. Left gastric artery
  5. Splenic artery
  6. Inferior mesenteric artery
76
Q

What artery is this?

Provides blood to the entire small intestine besides teh supeior part of the duodenum, and part of the large intestine up until the splenic artery

A

Superior mesenteric artery

77
Q

What part of the aorta does the inferior mesenteric artery come off of?

A

Comes of off the anterior part of the aorta

78
Q

What are the arteries that branch out from the inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. Left colic artery
  2. Sigmoid arteries
  3. Superior rectal artery
79
Q

What does the the abdominal aorta branch into and at what level?

A

Abdominal aorta bifurcates at L4 to become the left and right common illiac arteries.

80
Q

What does the common illiac artery branch into?

A
  1. Internal iliac A
  2. External iliac A
81
Q

What does the External iliac A branch into?

A

Branches into the femoral artery

82
Q

What does the femoral artery branch into?

A

Branches into the popliteal artery

83
Q

What does the popliteal artery branch into?

A
  1. Anterior tibial artery
  2. Posteior tibial artery
84
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery branch into?

A

Fibular artery

85
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Right common iliac
  2. Right internal iliac
  3. Right external iliac
86
Q

What is an anurisum?

A

The weakening and enlargment of the arteries which leads to increased intracranial pressure

87
Q

What is the landmark of the femoral artery?

A

Inferior to the crease of the hip

88
Q

T/F

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium.

89
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels that return blood to the right atrium?

A
  1. Coronary sinus
  2. SVC
  3. IVC
90
Q

Where does the IVC recieve blood from?

A

The blood from all the veins below the diaphragm

91
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

92
Q

What are the 3 veins of the head and neck?

A
  1. Internal Jugular veins
  2. External jugular veins
  3. Vertebral veins
93
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein exit the skull?

A

Exits the skull via the jugular foramen

94
Q

Where does the external jugular veins and the vertebral veins drain into?

A

They drain directly into the subclavian vein

95
Q

T/F

The internal and external jugular veins join prior the subclavian.

A

False; there is no common jugular vein and the internal and external jugular veins do not join.

96
Q

Where do the vetebral veins travel though?

A

Travel through the cervical transverse foramina

97
Q

Which vein drains blood from the C-spine, spinal cord, and the deep muscles of the neck?

A

The vertebral vein

98
Q

Which vein drains blood from the scapl and skin of head, face and neck, and oral cavity?

A

The external jugular veins

99
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein drain blood from?

A

The dural sinuses and deep veins within the brain

100
Q

What makes up the brachiocephalic vein?

A

The subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein

101
Q

What makes up the SVC?

A

The right brachiocephalic vein and the left brachiocephalic vein

102
Q

Name the 6 venous sinuses by thier drainage pathway:

A
  1. Superior sagittal
  2. Inferior sagittal
  3. Straight
  4. Transverse
  5. Sigmoid
  6. Internal jugular vein
103
Q

Where is the superior saggital and inferior saggital sinus located?

A

Located along the midsaggital plane through the top and the bottom of the falx cerebri

104
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Inferior saggital sinus
  2. Superior saggital sinus
  3. Straight sinus
  4. Transverse sinus
  5. Sigmoid sinus
  6. Internal jugular vein
105
Q

Label A-F

A

A. Vertebral vein
B. External jugular vein
C. Subclavian vein
D. Internal jugular vein
E. Axillary vein
F. Brachiocephalic vein

106
Q

Label 1 and 2

A
  1. Right brachiocephalic vein
  2. Left brachiocephalic vein
107
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Right verebral vein
  2. Right internal jugular
  3. Right external jugular
  4. Right subclavian
  5. Right axillary
  6. Right brachiocephallic
108
Q

T/F

Superficial veins are larger and return most of the blood from the arms.

109
Q

What type of veins have more valves; deep or superficial?

A

Deep veins have more valves

110
Q

T/F

Superficial veins anastomse frequently with one another and with deep veins

111
Q

Where does the radial and ulnar veins join together?

A

Just distal to the elbow joint

112
Q

What makes up the axillary vein?

A

The union of the brachial and basilic vein

113
Q

Where does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein?

A

At the lateral border of the 1st rib

114
Q

What are the 3 superficial veins of the arm?

A
  1. Cephalic vein
  2. Basilic vein
  3. Median antebrachial
115
Q

What side is the cephalic vein located on?

A

The lateral side

116
Q

What side is the basilic vein located on?

A

The medial side

117
Q

What superficial vein of the arm joins to the axillary vein?

A

The cephalic vein

118
Q

What superficial vein of the arm joins to the brachial vein?

A

The basilic vein

119
Q

What anatomy does the median antebrachial vein drain?

A

Drains the palm

120
Q

What area is the antebrachial area?

A

The entire forearm

121
Q

What does median mean?

122
Q

What deep vein would be the best to insert a PICC line into? Why?

A

The brachial vein, because its straighter

123
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Axillary
  2. Brachial vein
  3. Basilic
  4. Radial
  5. Ulnar
124
Q

Label 1-9

A
  1. Axillary vein
  2. Basilic vein
  3. Median cubital vein
  4. Basilic
  5. Ulnar vein
  6. Cephalic vein
  7. Brachial vein
  8. Cephalic vein
  9. Radial vein
125
Q

What is the preffered site for puncture or injection?

A

The median cubital vein/ antecubital vein

126
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

The anastomoses between cephalic and basilic vein

127
Q

Where does the Azygos vein join the SVC?

128
Q

What are the 2 types of Azygos veins?

A
  1. Hemiazygos vein
  2. Accessory hemiazygos vein
129
Q

Where does the acessory hemiazygos vein join the Azygos vein?

130
Q

Where does the hemiazygos vein join the Azygos vein?

A

Joins Azygos vein at T9

131
Q

Where does the acessory hemiazygos vein drain blood from?

A

From the left upper thorax

132
Q

Where does the hemiazygos vein drain blood from?

A

Drains blood from the lower part of the thorax

133
Q

Where does the Azygos vein drain blood from?

A

The right side of the thorax (intercostal veins)

134
Q

Where do the veins of the abdomen drain into?

A

They drain into the IVC

135
Q

T/F

The GI tract, spleen pancreas and gallbladder do not drain directly into the IVC

136
Q

(from proximal to distal)

What are the 6 veins of the abdomen?

A
  1. Inferior phrenic veins
  2. Hepatic veins
  3. Lumbar veins
  4. Renal veins
  5. Gonadal veins
  6. Common illiac veins
137
Q

What makes up the hepatic portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein + Splenic vein

138
Q

What does the Hepatic Portal Vein drain from?

A

The Liver sinusoids

139
Q

What do the liver sinusoids drain from?

A

The hepatic veins

140
Q

What do the hepatic portal veins drain into?

141
Q

T/F

The superficial veins are more prone to varicosities

142
Q

T/F

Superficial veins have no skeletal pump

143
Q

What side is the great saphenous vein on?

A

The medial vein

144
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein empty into?

A

The popliteal veins

145
Q

What does the great saphenous vein empty into?

A

Empties inot the femoral vein

146
Q

What vein is used for coronary artery bypass grafting?

A

The great saphenous vein

147
Q

What are the 2 superficial veins of the leg?

A
  1. Small saphenous vein
  2. Great saphenous vein
148
Q

What does the posterior and anterior tibial veins drain into?

A

The popliteal vein

149
Q

What does the popliteal vein drain into?

A

Drains into the femoral vein

150
Q

What does the femoral vein drain into?

A

The external and internal illiac vein

151
Q

What does the internal and external illiac vein drain into?

A

Drains into the common iliac

152
Q

Are these superfical or deep veins?

  1. Common illiac
  2. External and internal iliac
  3. Femoral
  4. Popliteal
  5. Posterior and anterior tibial
A

Deep veins

153
Q

What superficial veins are more prone to become variocosed? Why?

A

The saphenous veins due to lack of surrounding muscular support

154
Q

1-9

A
  1. Common illiac
  2. External illiac
  3. Femoral
  4. Great saphenous
  5. Popliteal
  6. Small saphenous
  7. Anterior tibial
  8. Fibular
  9. Posterior tibal
155
Q

What has happened to this patient?

A

The patient had the great saphenous vein taken out for bypass surgery

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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