Reproductive system Flashcards
What are the 5 main structures of the female reproductive system?
- Ovaries
- Fallopian tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Mammary glands
Where are the ovaries located?
Superior portion of the pelvic inlet, lateral to the uterus
What do the ovaries produce?
- Gametes
- Hormones
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
- Inhibin
- Relaxin
Label 1-4
- Fallopian tube
- Fimbriea
- Ovary
- Uterus
What is oogenesis? When does it begin?
The formation of gametes, begins at during fetal development
T/F
Oogonia are haploid stem cells.
False; they are diploid stem cells
When do oogonia undergo mitosis?
During fetal development
What do oogonia develop into?
Larger cells called primary oocytes
How many oocytes are there in females on average?
400 000
When do primary oocytes begin meiosis?
During fetal development but do not complete it until after puberty
T/F
Most oogonia degenerate before birth.
True
What occurs if the mature follicle does not rupture and dischange the secondary oocyte?
Ovarian cysts
What is this describing?
Primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells
Primordial follicle
What is the function of FSH and LH after puberty until menopause?
Stimulates the development of several primordial follicles
Before maturation, what phases does the primary oocyte complete, and what does it form?
-Completes meiosis 1
-Forms 2 haploid structures (first polar body and secondary oocyte)
T\F
Typically only 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity
True
If a sperm cell joins with the secondary oocyte, what is formed?
A zygote
What does it mean if more than 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity?
Possibility of having fraternal twins
How many secondary oocytes are produced by each oogonium/primary oocyte?
1 secondary oocyte
When the egg is released from the ovary, what helps it get into the fallopian tube?
The frimbrea
Pictures for understanding
How long is the fallopian tube?
4 inches/10cm long
Where does fertilization ussually occur?
Within the fallopian tubes
How long does it take for the zygote to arrive to the uterus?
6-7 days
What is the site of implantation of the fertiized ovum?
The uterus
What is the normal position of the uterus
Anteflexion position over the uterus
What is anteflexion?
Forward flexion
T\F
If you saw contrast spillage from the fallopian tubes, you would know that they are not blocked.
True
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
Yes
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
Yes
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
No
What are the 4 main structures of the male reproductive system?
- Testes
- Accesory glands (prostate, seminal vesicles)
- Seminiferous tubules
- Penis
What is the scrotum?
The sac that contains testicles
What do the testes produce?
- Sperm
- Hormones
Where do the testes develop? When do they end up?
-Develop near the kidneys and descendinginto the scrotum through inguinal canals.
Why do testes need to be kept outside of the body?
Normal sperm production requires 2-3 degrees below core body temp
What is an inguinal hernia?
The bowel pushing through the opening of the scrotum
How long does spermatogenesis take and when does it begin?
-Takes 65-70 days
-Begins at puberty
What are the male stem cells? Are they haploid or diploid?
-The spermatogonia
-Haploid
What is the process of spermatogenesis?
- Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to form primary spermatocytes
- Primary undergo meiosis 1 to form secondary
- Secondary undergo meiosis 2 to form 4 haploid spermatids
- Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to form 4 sperm cells
Where does spermatogenesis (formation) occur?
In the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Where does maturation of the sperm occur?
In the epididymis
What stores the matured sperm?
The epididymis
What is a vasectomy?
Cutting of the vas deference
Where does the vas deferens begin and where does it terminate?
Begins: At the tail of epididymis
Ends: At the ejaculatory duct
How long is the vas deferens?
45 cm long
What is the ejaculatory duct formed by?
The union of the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles
What are the 3 parts of the urethra?
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy
T/F
The urethra is a common passageway for sperm and urine.
True
What do the seminal vesicles secrete? What is the function of this substance?
-An alkaline, viscous fluid
-Function is to neutralize the acidic urethra and female reproductive tract
What percentage of the alkaline viscous fluid makes up the volume of semen?
60% of the volume of semen
Where is the protate located?
INferior to the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra
When does the prostate stop growing?
At around age 30
What does the prostate secrete and what is this substance’s function?
-Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid
-This contributes to sperm motility and viability
What percentage of the fluids from the prostate makes up the volume of semen?
25% of semen
What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?
An alkaline fluid into the spongy urethra
What is the function of the fluid that comes from the bulbourethral glands?
Neutralizes the acidic urethra and lubricates the lining of the urethra and teh end of the penis
What percentage of the fluid from the bulbourethral glands makes up the volume of semen?
15% of semen
T/F
Semen is a mixture of sperm and seminal fluids.
True
T/F
Semen has an acidic pH
False; Semen has an alkaline pH
How much sperm on average is contained within a typical ejaculation?
50-150 million sperm/mL
