The Brain III Flashcards
In the brain, starting with the periosteum, what are the layers, including spaces
Periosteum Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space Pia Mater
The subdural space is filled with _____ while the subarachnoid space has ______.
Interstitial fluid
CSF
In the spinal cord, starting with the periosteum, what are the layers, including spaces
Periosteum Epidural space Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space Pia Mater
What fills the epidural space?q
Fat and Loose CT
CSF circulates _________ and ________ the CNS.
Inside
Outside
Name the three ways CSF protects the brain
Mechanical
Chemical
Circulation
How the CSF protect the brain mechanically?
CSF is a shock absorbing fluid
Protects delicate tissue from jolts
How does CSF protect the brain chemically?
Provides the optimal chemical environment for brain tissue
The brain needs a specific tonic balance
What does the circulation of CSF do for the brain?
Its a medium for the exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nervous tissue
To maintain homeostasis, CSF must be _________ at the ______ _______.
Reabsorbed
Arachnoid villi
The arachnoid villi are _______-like projections into the ______ ______ _______.
Finger
Superior sagittal sinus
CSF reabsorption only happens at the:
Arachnoid villi of the superior sagittal sinus/
What flows in the sinus of the dura mater?
Venous blood to the neck veins
What are the 5 dural sinuses beachy wants us to know?
Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sagittal sinus Transverse sagittal sinus Sigmoid sagittal sinus
In some places, the meningeal dura mater extends inwards to form flat _____ that anchor the brain to the skull.
Septa
The brain and spinal cord ______ in the bony cranium
“Float”
Using a car as an analogy, dura mater is like a ________, and the CSF is like an ______.
Seat belt
Air bag
Name the sinus in the falx ceribri
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
What is hydrocephaly?
An abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain that puts pressure on the brain
In an infant, hydrocephaly can be treated how?
The installation of a shunt
Meningitis is prevalent in this population and is caused by:
3-mo to 2 years
A variety of bacteria or viruses
Meningitis invades the _____ following an infection of the ______ or _____.
CNS
Nose or throat
Sx of meningitis include:
Diagnosis comes from:
Sx: high fever, stiff neck, intense headache
CSF examined for bacteria or WBC
The blood brain barrier consists of what 3 layers?
- Endothelium with tight junctions
- Basement membrane
- Perivascular feet of astrocytes
In the BBB what are responsible for chemical secretion?
Astrocytes
The BBB is highly permeable to:
Water, glucose, lipid-soluble substances: O2, CO2, Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, anesthetics, heroin
The BBB is not permeable to:
proteins, antibiotics
How do clinicians get drugs past the BBB to the brain area?
Precursors or nasal sprays through the nasal area
How do clinicians treat Parkinson’s in regards to getting meds through the BBB?
Patients need dopamine, which cannot pass through the BBB. L-dopa, precursor to dopamine, is prescribed as it can cross the BBB.
At rest, the brain consumes _____% of the O2 breathed in.
20%
In most cases, a 1-2 min interruption in O2 puts the patient in a state of ____________, after 4 min the patient is __________ __________.
Unconscious
Brain dead
