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Anatomy & Physiology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

In what tissue(s) are cells are closely packed together, matrix is barely visible

A

Muscle and epithelial

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2
Q

In what kinds of tissue are the cells are farther apart and most of the tissue is matrix

A

Nervous and connective

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3
Q

What tissue is multinucleated and very uniformly striated?

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

How do you indentify a cardiac cell?

A

Shorter, branching myocytes, connected by an intercalated disc between cells

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5
Q

Which cell has fusiform cell with a single, elongated nucleus in the middle, and no striations

A

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

How is epithelial tissue categorized?

A

1- The shape of the most superficial cells; AND

2- How many layers of cells there are

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7
Q

How is simple squamous epithelium identified?

A

Composed of a single layer of thin cells, looks like fried eggs

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8
Q

How is simple cuboidal epithelium identified?

A

Usually square-ish with a central nucleus

One layer

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9
Q

How are simple columnar epithelium identified?

A

Sometime have cilia, sometime not, nucleus is in bottom ⅓ of cell
One layer

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10
Q

How is a pseudo-stratefied epithelium identified?

A

Every cell does contact the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface
Contains goblet cell
Nuclei do not line up

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11
Q

How is stratefied squamous epithelium identified?

A

2-20 layers of squamous cells

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12
Q

How is stratifiedcuboidal epithelium identified?

A

Layers of cube cells

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13
Q

How is stratified columnar epithelium identified?

A

Layers of columnar epithelial cells

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14
Q

How do you identify transitional epithelium?

A

Surface of transitional epithelium are living cells, and they change from rectagular to cuboidal

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15
Q

What are the three basic elements of connective tissue?

A

Cells, Ground Substance, and Fibers

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16
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Ground Substance and Fibers, everything that isnt a cell

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17
Q

Name the three kinds of fibers

A

Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers

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18
Q

What is a collagen fiber?

A

Fibers are composed of bundles of fibrils lying parallel

Found in most kinds of connective tissue, especially bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

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19
Q

What is an elastic fiber?

A

Are smaller than collagen fibers and branch together to form a network

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20
Q

What is a reticular fiber?

A

Made of collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

These are thinner than collagen fibers and also form branching support networks

21
Q

What are the two kinds of connective tissue?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

Dense Conncetive Tissue

22
Q

What are the three connective tissues?

A

Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Tissue

23
Q

How is adipose tissue identified?

A

Where fat cells are the predominant cell type
Adipose cells are 70-120 μm (microns), but can be 5x bigger in the obese
RBC is 7μm
Space between adipose cells is occupied by areolar tissues and blood capillaries

24
Q

How is reticular tissue identified?

A

A mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts that form the structural framework of the spleen and lymph nodes
You must use a silver stain to see reticular tissue (silver shows the fibers)
Think of a sponge…the sponge is the fibers, providing a scaffolding

25
Q

What are the three dense connective tissues?

What phrase describes the?

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
“More fibers, less ground substance”

26
Q

How is dense regular CT identified?

A

Collagen fibers run in the same direction, packed together tightly
The only cells present in a fibroblast
This tissue type has few blood vessels

27
Q

How is dense irregular CT identified?

A

Collagen fibers run in many different directions, meshwork

28
Q

How is elastic CT identified?

A

Branching elastic fibers

29
Q

What is the difference between dense regular CT and elastic CT?

A

Elastic Ct has branching fibers, in dense regular CT no branching and the but the fibers remain tightly packed in both

30
Q

What are the three kinds of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

31
Q

How is hyaline cartilage identified?

A

Most prevalent cartilage in body, light blue in color
Equal amounts of collagen and ground substance
Cell is in a lacuna
Usually invisible collagen fibers in matrix

32
Q

How is fibrocartilage identified?

A

More collagen fibers are present, running parallel, very tough cartilage
Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen, fewer cells

33
Q

How is elastic cartilage identified?

A

Yellowish in life
Elastic fibers form a web-like mesh around chondrocytes
Dark Staining, conspicuous elastic fibers in the matrix

34
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

Enlarged area to strengthen joint

Also provides surface area for muscles

35
Q

The _______ is the shaft of a bone

A

Diaphysis

36
Q

Spongy bone is…

A

Meshwork of slivers of bone

Provides support for red bone marrow

37
Q

Compact bone is…

A

More solid, but still has passageways

External layer of bone

38
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

Central cavity of long bone
Red or Yellow marrow
Red → blood
Yellow → fat

39
Q

What are the two coverings of bone?

A

Endosteum-Inside the bone

Periosteum- Outside of the bone, made of the inner and the outer periosteum

40
Q

The onion-like layers that construct compact bone are called?

A

Lamellae

41
Q

Lamellae are concentrically arranged around a central _______ _______.

A

Haversian canal

42
Q

The osteon is….

A

A haversian canal and its surrounding concentric lamellae

43
Q

In bone, the ______ and and ______are arranged to form a miniature canal system of extracellular fluid

A

Lacunae

Cannaliculi

44
Q

What is a concentric lamellae?

A

Found in osteon

This bone is newer-was just created

45
Q

What is a circumferential lamellae?

A

Around the outside of bone
2-3 layers of bone that are around the outer boundaries of compact bone
Next to the periosteum
Parallel to bone surface

46
Q

What is an interstitial lamellae?

A

These are between osteons
They are irregular regions of compact bone
These are parts of old osteons that are partially destroyed during previous reabsorption

47
Q

The lamellae in spongy bone are called _______.

A

Trabeculae

48
Q

In an osteon, _______ canals are veritical, while ________ canals are horizontal.

A

Haversian

Volkmann

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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