Histology Flashcards
In what tissue(s) are cells are closely packed together, matrix is barely visible
Muscle and epithelial
In what kinds of tissue are the cells are farther apart and most of the tissue is matrix
Nervous and connective
What tissue is multinucleated and very uniformly striated?
Skeletal muscle
How do you indentify a cardiac cell?
Shorter, branching myocytes, connected by an intercalated disc between cells
Which cell has fusiform cell with a single, elongated nucleus in the middle, and no striations
Smooth muscle
How is epithelial tissue categorized?
1- The shape of the most superficial cells; AND
2- How many layers of cells there are
How is simple squamous epithelium identified?
Composed of a single layer of thin cells, looks like fried eggs
How is simple cuboidal epithelium identified?
Usually square-ish with a central nucleus
One layer
How are simple columnar epithelium identified?
Sometime have cilia, sometime not, nucleus is in bottom ⅓ of cell
One layer
How is a pseudo-stratefied epithelium identified?
Every cell does contact the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface
Contains goblet cell
Nuclei do not line up
How is stratefied squamous epithelium identified?
2-20 layers of squamous cells
How is stratifiedcuboidal epithelium identified?
Layers of cube cells
How is stratified columnar epithelium identified?
Layers of columnar epithelial cells
How do you identify transitional epithelium?
Surface of transitional epithelium are living cells, and they change from rectagular to cuboidal
What are the three basic elements of connective tissue?
Cells, Ground Substance, and Fibers
What is the matrix?
Ground Substance and Fibers, everything that isnt a cell
Name the three kinds of fibers
Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers
What is a collagen fiber?
Fibers are composed of bundles of fibrils lying parallel
Found in most kinds of connective tissue, especially bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
What is an elastic fiber?
Are smaller than collagen fibers and branch together to form a network
What is a reticular fiber?
Made of collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein
These are thinner than collagen fibers and also form branching support networks
What are the two kinds of connective tissue?
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Conncetive Tissue
What are the three connective tissues?
Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Tissue
How is adipose tissue identified?
Where fat cells are the predominant cell type
Adipose cells are 70-120 μm (microns), but can be 5x bigger in the obese
RBC is 7μm
Space between adipose cells is occupied by areolar tissues and blood capillaries
How is reticular tissue identified?
A mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts that form the structural framework of the spleen and lymph nodes
You must use a silver stain to see reticular tissue (silver shows the fibers)
Think of a sponge…the sponge is the fibers, providing a scaffolding
What are the three dense connective tissues?
What phrase describes the?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
“More fibers, less ground substance”
How is dense regular CT identified?
Collagen fibers run in the same direction, packed together tightly
The only cells present in a fibroblast
This tissue type has few blood vessels
How is dense irregular CT identified?
Collagen fibers run in many different directions, meshwork
How is elastic CT identified?
Branching elastic fibers
What is the difference between dense regular CT and elastic CT?
Elastic Ct has branching fibers, in dense regular CT no branching and the but the fibers remain tightly packed in both
What are the three kinds of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
How is hyaline cartilage identified?
Most prevalent cartilage in body, light blue in color
Equal amounts of collagen and ground substance
Cell is in a lacuna
Usually invisible collagen fibers in matrix
How is fibrocartilage identified?
More collagen fibers are present, running parallel, very tough cartilage
Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen, fewer cells
How is elastic cartilage identified?
Yellowish in life
Elastic fibers form a web-like mesh around chondrocytes
Dark Staining, conspicuous elastic fibers in the matrix
What is the epiphysis?
Enlarged area to strengthen joint
Also provides surface area for muscles
The _______ is the shaft of a bone
Diaphysis
Spongy bone is…
Meshwork of slivers of bone
Provides support for red bone marrow
Compact bone is…
More solid, but still has passageways
External layer of bone
What is the medullary cavity?
Central cavity of long bone
Red or Yellow marrow
Red → blood
Yellow → fat
What are the two coverings of bone?
Endosteum-Inside the bone
Periosteum- Outside of the bone, made of the inner and the outer periosteum
The onion-like layers that construct compact bone are called?
Lamellae
Lamellae are concentrically arranged around a central _______ _______.
Haversian canal
The osteon is….
A haversian canal and its surrounding concentric lamellae
In bone, the ______ and and ______are arranged to form a miniature canal system of extracellular fluid
Lacunae
Cannaliculi
What is a concentric lamellae?
Found in osteon
This bone is newer-was just created
What is a circumferential lamellae?
Around the outside of bone
2-3 layers of bone that are around the outer boundaries of compact bone
Next to the periosteum
Parallel to bone surface
What is an interstitial lamellae?
These are between osteons
They are irregular regions of compact bone
These are parts of old osteons that are partially destroyed during previous reabsorption
The lamellae in spongy bone are called _______.
Trabeculae
In an osteon, _______ canals are veritical, while ________ canals are horizontal.
Haversian
Volkmann
