The Brain II Flashcards
The thalamus acts as the ______ _______ and the cerebellum acts as the ________ of the brain.
Relay station
Brain
The thalamus is composed of paired, oval masses of what?
Mostly gray matter
What are the paired oval masses of gray matter organized into?
Nuclei that form the lateral walls of the third ventricle
What is the thalamus the principle relay station for?
Sensory impulses (expect smell) that reach the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum
In every picture of the brainstem, where is the thalamus located?
On the top
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Below the thalamus
The hypothalamus is a small portion of _________.
diencephalon
The hypothalamus forms what in the third ventricle?
The floor and the lateral walls
What are the nuclei of the hypothalamus the major control center for?
Maintaining homeostasis and regulating endocrine function: activities of the ANS, body temperature, food and water intake, waking and sleeping patterns.
The hypothalamus is the primary link between the ______ and the _________ systems.
nervous, endocrine
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a _________.
stalk
The epithalamus is a small mass of tissue located just above the ________.
thalamus
What does the epithalamus form in the third ventricle?
The roof
What comes off the the epithalamus posteriorly?
The pineal gland of the endocrine system
What is the second largest region of the brain?
The cerebellum
Where is the cerebellum located?
Posterior and inferior to the cerebrum
How many hemispheres does the cerebellum have?
Two
What two matters does the cerebellum consist of?
Outer cortex of gray matter, and an inner area of white matter,
What are the tracts of the white matter in the cerebellum that have a distinct branching pattern?
Arbor vitae
What is the cerebellum responsible for coordinating and how does it perform this function?
Skeletal muscle contractions by recruiting precise motor units from within the muscles, including coordination eye and head movements
How does the cerebellum maintain muscle tone and posture?
Through incoming streams of data from proprioceptors
How does the cerebellum act as a computer?
It performs successions of almost instantaneous analyses of all the data received
What three parts of the brain are inextricably interrelated in control of muscular activity?
The cerebral cortex, the basal nuclei, and the cerebellum
If a patient comes in with a cerebellar injury what Sx will they exhibit?
Loss of muscle tone, clumsy movements, difficulty with: rhythmic finger tapping, climbing stairs, planning, scheduling, and discerning the difference between similar sounding words.
______ pairs of cerebellar _________ attach the cerebellum to the _________ parts of the ______ ______
Three, peduncles, three, brain stem
Cerebellar cortex is on the _______ side of the body.
Same
The brainstem consists of the three parts:
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The brainstem is the pathway from the _________ ____ to the _______.
spinal cord, brain
The brainstem serves as the origin of?
10 of the 12 cranial nerves
Why is the brainstem known as the “survival brain”?
Produces a rigid autonomic behaviors necessary for survival
