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Anatomy & Physiology > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body?

A

The femur.

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2
Q

What is the second strongest bone in the body?

A

The tibia.

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3
Q

What does the femur articulate with?

A

Proximally, the acetabulum of the coxa

Distally, the condyles of the tibia

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4
Q

Where does the head of the femur articulate?

A

Fits in the acetabulum of the coxal bone

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5
Q

What is the neck of the femur?

A

Distal to head

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6
Q

Who tend to fracture the femur, and where?

A

The elderly

At the neck of the femur

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7
Q

What is the fovea capitis of the femur?

A

A “central pit” in the femoral head

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8
Q

What is in the fovea capitis and what is its function?

A

Houses “round ligament” (ligamentum capitis femoris) that helps secure femur
Artery in round ligament supplies blood to the femoral head

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9
Q

What is the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

A more lateral and superior projection from the superior femur

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10
Q

What is the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

A posterior projection from the superior femur

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11
Q

What attaches to the greater and lesses trochanters of the femur?

A

The muscles of the butt and thigh

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12
Q

What is the intertrochanteric crest of the femur?

A

On posterior aspect, very thick; divides neck from shaft

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13
Q

What is the intertrochanteric line of the femur?

A

Anterior aspect, not as thick; divides neck from shaft

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14
Q

What is the linea aspera of the femur?

A

Vertical ridge on the posterior shaft for the attachment of muscle

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the medial epicondyle of the femur?

A

Muscle attachment

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the lateral epicondyle of the femur?

A

Muscle attachment

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

A

Articulates with the tibia

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18
Q

What is the intercondylar fossa of the femur?

A

Posterior only, notch between the medial and lateral condyles

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19
Q

The greater ________ of the humerus is lateral, and the greater __________ of the femur is lateral.

A

Tubercle

Trochanter

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20
Q

The lesser tubercle of the humerus is __________, and the lesser trochanter of the femur is ____________.

A

Anterior

Posterior

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21
Q

The patella is a ________ shaped _________ bone

A

Triangular

Sesamoid

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22
Q

What is the patella enclosed in?

A

The distal tendon (some say ligament) of the quadriceps femoris muscle

23
Q

What is on the posterior patella and what is its function?

A

Two fossas for articulation with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

24
Q

What is the “purpose” of the patella?

A

Improves leverage of the thigh muscles acting across the knee
Less contraction force is needed to move the thigh

25
Q

What is a concern for the patellas of young female athletes?

A

It can track laterally

26
Q

The tibia is more _________ than the fibula and is the only ____________ bone in the lower leg.

A

Medial

Weight bearing

27
Q

The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia are located on?

A

On broad, proximal end, articulate with femur

28
Q

What is the intercondylar eminence of the tibia?

A

Upward projection of bone between the two condyles

29
Q

What is the tibial tuberosity?

A

A “lump anterior” a raised area where quadriceps femoris inserts

30
Q

What is the medial malleolus and what does it articulate with?

A

Distal bulge of bone felt on medial ankle

Articulates with the talus distally

31
Q

What shape is the diaphysis of the tibia?

A

Triangular

32
Q

In general, the fibula is…. (location and function)

A

Parallel and lateral to the tibia in the lower leg

Non-weight bearing

33
Q

What is the head of the fibula?

A

Proximal portion of bone

34
Q

What is the apex of the fibula?

A

Point of the head of the fibula

35
Q

What is the lateral malleolus and what doe it articulate with?

A

Lateral bulge of bone on the lateral ankle

Articulates with the talus

36
Q

What is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

Where the fibula articulates with the tibia proximally

37
Q

What is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Where the fibula articulates with the tibia distally

38
Q

What is between the tibia and fibula?

A

An interosseous membrane

39
Q

How many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

40
Q

What is the talus?

A

The most superior tarsal bone

41
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

The tibia and fibula

42
Q

Describe weight transfer while walking, starting with the talus.

A

The talus starts with 100% of the weight while walking. Then 50% of weight goes aft to the calcaneus, and 50% goes forward to the arch of the foot.

43
Q

What is the calcaneus?

A

Forms the heel of the foot

44
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone?

A

The calcaneus

45
Q

What attaches posteriorly to the calcaneus?

A

The achilles tendon

46
Q

What is the navicular bone?

A

Anterior to talus, medial side

47
Q

What is the cuboid bone?

A

Looks like a cube, on lateral side

48
Q

What are the names of the cuneiform bones?

A

1st 2nd 3rd

Medial Intermediate Lateral

49
Q

How many metatarsals are there?

A

5

50
Q

What do the metatarsals articulate with proximally?

A

I, II,III the cuneiform bones

IV and V with the cuboid

51
Q

How many flanges are there in the foot? And how are they organized?

A

14 and just like the hand.

52
Q

What is the big toe called? How many phalanges?

A

Hallux

2

53
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal arch: weight transfer occurs here

Transverse arch: Curvature from the medial to the lateral

54
Q

What maintains the arches of the foot?

A

Short, strong ligaments

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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