Nervous System-Embryology Flashcards
What is the ectoderm?
The outermost tissue type in the embryo
What is the thickened ectoderm?
The neural plate
What is the neural groove?
The midline invagination of the neural plate
How is the neural tube formed?
The closure of the neural groove
What does the neural tube space turn into?
The brain ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord
What does the dark-colored tissue surrounding the neural tube develop into?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the prosencephalon turn into?
Telencephalon and diencephalon
What does the telencephalon turn into?
The cerebrum or the two cerebral hemispheres
What does the diencephalon turn into?
The thalamus and the hypothalamus
What does the mesencephalon turn into?
The midbrain
What does that rhombencephalon turn into?
Metencephalon and the myelencephalon
What does the metencephalon turn into?
Pons and the cerebellum
What does the myelencephalon turn into?
Medulla oblongata
What is the area of cells that arises from the tips of the neural groove?
Neural crest cells
Where do these neural crest cells end up?
Both sides of the neural tube all the way along it
What do neural crest cells become? (6)
cranial nerves, ganglia of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, dorsal root ganglia, ganglia of ANS, and adrenal medulla
What are the four ventricles of the brain?
Two lateral - in the cerebral hemispheres
One third ventricle - in the diencephalon
One fourth ventricle - between the pons and cerebellum
What is the is the continuation of the neural tube in the spinal cord called?
The central canal
What are the spaces in the brain?
The ventricles and the central canal
Where is the foramen of Monro?
Between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle
Where is the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius?
Between the third and fourth ventricle
What are the spaces in the brain filled with?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the cerebrospinal fluid a derivative of and where is it made?
Derivative of blood plasma
Made by the choroid plexus in each ventricle
How often is CSF replaced?
Every 3-4 hours
How much CSF does the body contain? Describe its characteristics.
100-160 ml, clear, odorless fluid
Describe CSF as compared to blood plasma?
CSF is higher in Na & Cl, lower in K & Ca & glucose with very little protein
What are the ventricles of the brain lined with?
Ependymal cells
Describe the structure of the choroid plexus.
Loops of capillaries with a basement membrane covered with ependymal cells
