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Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System-Embryology > Flashcards

Nervous System-Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

The outermost tissue type in the embryo

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2
Q

What is the thickened ectoderm?

A

The neural plate

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3
Q

What is the neural groove?

A

The midline invagination of the neural plate

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4
Q

How is the neural tube formed?

A

The closure of the neural groove

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5
Q

What does the neural tube space turn into?

A

The brain ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the dark-colored tissue surrounding the neural tube develop into?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

What does the prosencephalon turn into?

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

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8
Q

What does the telencephalon turn into?

A

The cerebrum or the two cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

What does the diencephalon turn into?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

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10
Q

What does the mesencephalon turn into?

A

The midbrain

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11
Q

What does that rhombencephalon turn into?

A

Metencephalon and the myelencephalon

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12
Q

What does the metencephalon turn into?

A

Pons and the cerebellum

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13
Q

What does the myelencephalon turn into?

A

Medulla oblongata

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14
Q

What is the area of cells that arises from the tips of the neural groove?

A

Neural crest cells

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15
Q

Where do these neural crest cells end up?

A

Both sides of the neural tube all the way along it

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16
Q

What do neural crest cells become? (6)

A

cranial nerves, ganglia of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, dorsal root ganglia, ganglia of ANS, and adrenal medulla

17
Q

What are the four ventricles of the brain?

A

Two lateral - in the cerebral hemispheres
One third ventricle - in the diencephalon
One fourth ventricle - between the pons and cerebellum

18
Q

What is the is the continuation of the neural tube in the spinal cord called?

A

The central canal

19
Q

What are the spaces in the brain?

A

The ventricles and the central canal

20
Q

Where is the foramen of Monro?

A

Between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle

21
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius?

A

Between the third and fourth ventricle

22
Q

What are the spaces in the brain filled with?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

23
Q

What is the cerebrospinal fluid a derivative of and where is it made?

A

Derivative of blood plasma

Made by the choroid plexus in each ventricle

24
Q

How often is CSF replaced?

A

Every 3-4 hours

25
Q

How much CSF does the body contain? Describe its characteristics.

A

100-160 ml, clear, odorless fluid

26
Q

Describe CSF as compared to blood plasma?

A

CSF is higher in Na & Cl, lower in K & Ca & glucose with very little protein

27
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain lined with?

A

Ependymal cells

28
Q

Describe the structure of the choroid plexus.

A

Loops of capillaries with a basement membrane covered with ependymal cells

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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