Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
How many bones are in the pectoral girdle?
2- the scapula and the clavicle
Which bones and how many are on one side of the upper extremity?
1 humerus, 1 radius, 1 ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges
How many bones are in the lower extremity?
60 bones, 30 each side
Which bones and how many are on one side of the lower extremity?
1 femur, 1 patella, 1 tibia, 1 fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
Define sprain
Partial tear or torn ligament
Define strain
Painful over stretching of muscle or tendon
Describe the anatomy of the clavicle
Long bone with two S-shaped curves
What does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?
The acromion process of the scapula. The acromioclavicular joint
What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?
The manubrium of the sternum. The sternoclavicular joint
The ___________ joint and the ___________ joint form the only bony connections between the ________ skeleton and the __________ girdle.
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
axial
pectoral
What is the weakest point of the clavicle, where most fractures happen?
The junction of the S-curves
How does the clavicle act like a strut?
It holds the scapula and the arm away from the rib cage
General shape of the scapula?
Spade or shovel
Describe the anatomy of the scapula
Large triangular bone located on the back of the rib cage, attached only by a group of muscles
Draw the borders and angles of the scapula
See drawing
List the parts of the scapula
Superior border, medial or vertebral border, lateral or axillary border, inferior angle, superior angle, lateral angle. spine, acromion, coracoid process, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, sub scapular fossa, glenoid fossa, glenoid labrum, supraglenoid tubercule, infraglenoid tubercule, suprascapular notch
Describe the anatomy of the spine of the scapula
On the posterior surface, ends laterally as the acromion
Describe the anatomy of the acromion
Flattened point of the shoulder
Describe the anatomy of the coracoid process of the scapula
Projects anterior from the superior border
What comes off of the coracoid process?
The short head of the biceps brachii
Describe the location of the supraspinous and the infraspinous fossa of the scapula
supraspinous fossa - above the spine
infraspinous fossa - below the spine
posterior view for both
Describe the location and anatomy of the subscapular fossa
Anterior view - around the rib cage
Slightly concave, smooth surface, no spine
What is the function of the glenoid fossa of the scapula?
Holds the head of the humerus in its depression
What is the glenoid labrum of the scapula made of and what is its function?
Fibrocartilage
Enlarges the glenoid fossa
Describe the anatomy of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Projection at the top of glenoid fossa
What comes off of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?
Long head of the biceps brachii
Describe the anatomy of the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Projection at the bottom of glenoid fossa
What comes off of the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?
Long head of the triceps brachii
Describe the location and anatomy of the subscapular notch
On the superior border
Has superior transverse ligament over it
Describe the anatomy of the humerus
Starts in the diaphysis proximally as a cylinder, in the mid-diaphysis becomes triangular, and distal diaphysis is broad and flattened
List the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the humerus
Proximal - head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, inter tubercular groove
Mid - deltoid tuberosity
Distal - lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, olecranon fossa
What does the head of the humerus articulate with?
The glenoid fossa
What is the anatomical neck of the humerus?
A slight groove all the way around the head of the humerus
What is the surgical neck of the humerus?
A constricted portion further down