The brain and eye Flashcards
What is the cerebellum?
Responsible for muscle activity and balance.
What is the cerebral cortex?
Responsible for thinking, logic, intelligence, and language.
What is the medulla?
Responsible for the unconscious activities such as heart rate, gut movement and breathing.
What is the pituitary gland?
Releases and contains hormones.
What is the hypothalamus?
Responsible for homeostasis and controls water balance.
How can some people monitor a persons brain activity?
MRI /fMRI
What muscles/ ligaments are responsible for controlling the size of a pupil?
Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments.
What is accommodation?
How an eye changes its lens shape in order to focus on near/far objects.
What is the sclera and what is its function?
White part of the eye which is tough so that the eye isn’t easily damaged, it becomes clear at the front of the eye (cornea) to allow light to pass.
What is the retina and what is its function?
The back of the eye filled with light receptors, cones and rods, which helps detect colour and shades. A receptor.
What is the optic nerve and what is its function?
A bundle of sensory neurones that carry the electrical impulses from the retina to the brain.
What is the lens and what is its function?
A clear jelly like sphere which can be stretch or relaxed into different thicknesses to refract light rays onto the retina at a certain point.
What is the iris and what is its function?
The coloured part of the eye that’s coloured by melanin, which helps control the size of the pupil to limit or maximise the amount of light that enters the eye.
What is the pupil and what is its function?
To allow light through the eye onto the retina.
What are the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments and what are their functions?
To relax/ contract or to tighten or slacken to allow the lens to become thick/thin to helps the light rays become focused onto the retina.
What do circular and radial muscles do?
They contract or relax to make the iris expand or constrict, making the pupil dilate or constrict.
Describe (in terms of the circular an radial muscles) what happens when a pupil dilates:
CM- relax
RM- contract
Describe (in terms of the circular an radial muscles) what happens when a pupil constricts:
CM- contract
RM- relax
What is myopia, how can it be fixed and why can it be caused?
Shortsightedness which can be caused when the lens is too strong, the cornea is too curved or the eye is too long causing the light rays to focus before the retina.
Concave lenses (spread out light rays slightly)
What is Hyperopia, how it can be fixed and why can it be caused?
Farsightedness cause by the lens being too weak, the eye being too short or the cornea not being curved enough.
Convex (converges light rays slightly)
