Cell Division (DNA etc.) Flashcards
What is the purpose of cell division?
Growth, repair, replacing.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long molecule made out of DNA, sectioned into genes that carry the genetic information of a cell.
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA in chromosomes that code for specific proteins to be made by ribosomes.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, that determines characteristics of an organism.
What are the three main stages of cell division?
Interphase (not part of mitosis)
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What is a genome?
The entire genetic information material an organism has in its cells
Describe in further detail what DNA is:
DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid which is shaped as double helixes that contain a phosphate ion, nucleotide, and base.
What is interphase?
The longest stage of cell division where the cell grow in size and replicated its DNA, duplicating its genetic information and its other organelles.
What is mitosis?
Where the Paris of chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell after the nucleus’s membrane breaks down.
Then each half of the pair gets attracted to the opposite poles of the cell by the spindal fibres. This creates two genetically identical nucleuses
What is cytokinesis?
Where the cytoplasm splits into two, officially creating two daughter cells.
How many genes do humans have?
Around 21000
How many base pairs do humans have?
3 billion
How do humans create more proteins from the same genes?
By switching genes on / off and by using it different ways.
