Diseases Flashcards
What is health?
A person’s complete state of their social wellbeing, physical and mental state.
What factors can lead to ill health?
Environmental (lifestyle) and genetic factors
How do humans pass on communicable diseases to each other?
-Air
-Contaminated water/food
-Direct contact
-Exchange of bodily fluids.
How do plants pass on communicable diseases?
-Air (spores)
-Contaminated water
-Soil
-Direct contact
Describe ways to stop the spread of disease:
-Hygiene (washing hands removes any pathogens we might carry from the environment so we don’t pass it around, also prevents the pathogens from entering cuts)
-Isolation (prevents direct contact and from sharing water and same resources)
-Vaccination (develops the body’s immune system to be equipped with the right antibodies needed to combat the pathogens of a specific disease, decreasing the amount of people who can catch it)
-Stopping/preventing vectors (stops us from pathogens infiltrating our immune systems physical barrier)
What are viruses and how do they cause disease?
Viruses are tiny non-living particles that infiltrate our cells (the hosts), inserting their DNA into ours to replicate, to reproduce more offspring before bursting the cell. this damage makes us feel ill.
What are bacteria and how do they cause disease?
Bacteria are prokaryotes that cause disease by inflicting direct damage by releasing toxins or by reproducing outside the cells.
What are examples of viral disease?
-measles
-HIV/AIDS
-TMV
What are examples of bacterial?
-salmonella
-Gonorrhoea
What are examples of fungal disease?
-athlete’s foot
-rose black spot
Explain how measles is transmitted, its symptoms, impacts and solutions:
measles is a virus transmitted when droplets from coughs/sneezes are inhaled. symptoms are a fever and red rashes. impacts are blindness and brain damage. there is no cure but populations can be vaccinated from a young age.
Explain how HIV is transmitted, its symptoms, impacts and solutions:
HIV is a virus transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids in unprotected sex, breast milk or unsterilised needles, which leads to the weakening of the immune system (AIDS). its symptoms are a mild fever. impacts are that the fever subsides but continues to damage the immune system resulting in AIDS. there is no cure but you can be treated quickly to prevent the development of AIDS. you can prevent sexual partners, use condoms, use sterile needles and using baby formula.
Explain how TMV is transmitted, its symptoms, impacts and solutions:
TMV is a virus transmitted by contact, either with each other or a vector. its symptoms are the discolouration of leaves. it causes stunted growth and low crop yields. farmers can grow TMV resistant strains of the plant and farm hygienically.
Explain how is transmitted, its symptoms, impacts and solutions:
