Respiration Flashcards
What kind of reaction is aerobic respiration?
exothermic
What is aerobic respiration?
a type of respiration that functions in the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen, that produces energy as well as carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
What is the word and symbol formula of aerobic respiration?
6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the word formula of anaerobic respiration?
glucose → lactic acid and energy
Which factors determine the amount of energy a person needs to consume through food?
- dominantly the sex
- percentage of muscle mass (muscle tissues have more mitochondria meaning they need more fuel to function)
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
in the mitochondria
What are the functions of respiration?
- for basic functions : synthesising materials (new cells) or breaking down larger molecules to smaller ones (digestion)
- muscular activities : muscles such as organs require energy to contract and preform their function, therefore plays a part in maintaining our conditions in our body (heart rate etc.)
- thermoregulating : maintaining thermal constants, when it is too hot, energy is lost to keep us cool, whereas in cold scenarios, energy is used up to keep us warm.
- active transport : plants need energy to carry out active processes, such as intaking mineral ions from the soil into the root hair cell. they need energy to convert these ions into amino acids to be later on built up into proteins.
Explain why muscles use/store substances for respiration:
muscles need to store energy (in the form of glycogen) so they can break down it into glucose to be used up in respiration. Muscles are made up of many protein fibres found in huge quantities which contain lots of mitochondria in order to contract due to the energy transfer in respiration. These muscles are responsible for many bodily functions.
Describe the body’s reaction to exercise in terms of respiration substances:
when we exercise, our muscles contract more frequently and with more power, meaning more respiration needs to occur; this requires more oxygen and glucose and the waste product, carbon dioxide, to be expelled for it to be efficient.
This causes us to increase our heart rate, increase our breathing rate and convert glycogen stores into glucose.
In exercise, why does our heart rate increase?
our heart rate increases and our arteries dilate to allow a larger volume blood (containing oxygen and glucose) can arrive to our muscles so they have a sufficient supply to carry out more respiration. it also allows carbon dioxide to be expelled from the site, making the muscles work more efficiently as it is carried to the lungs to be exhaled.
In exercise, why does our breathing increase?
our breathing becomes more frequent and deep so the rate of gas exchange increases, so our blood can absorb more oxygen due to a steeper concentration gradient, that can supply our muscles with the oxygen it needs to respire and contract, it also helps carbon dioxide to be excreted from the body.
In exercise, why do our glycogen stores decrease?
our glycogen stores decrease as the body breaks down these carbohydrate store into glucose, this means more cellular respiration can occur, leading to muscles being able to contract.
What is anaerobic respiration?
reparation creating energy from respiration in the absence / lack of oxygen.
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and why one isn’t as effective:
anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen to make energy and a waste product of lactic acid whereas aerobic respiration requires oxygen to make energy with a by product of water and carbon dioxide. Since anaerobic respiration is the incomplete break down of glucose, it doesn’t produce as much energy as it does aerobically.
What is muscle fatigue?
when we exercise vigorously, our muscles may begin to anaerobically respire and contract less efficiently. this creates a build up of lactic acid which causes the muscles to fatigue, creating an oxygen debt.
