Digestion Flashcards
What types of tissue are in the stomach, why?
Muscular tissue- to help churn the food around, exposing more surface area to the hydrochloric acid to be broken down.
Epithelial tissue- tissue that lines the inside and outside of the stomach, protects the organ from being broken down by the hydrochloric acid.
Glandular tissue- excretes enzymes, substances and other to helps the break down of food.
What does the liver do?
Produces bile.
What does the stomach do?
Churns and breaks down the large molecules of food into smaller soluble molecules.
What does the small intestine do?
Churns and breaks down the large molecules of food into smaller soluble molecules and absorbs the nutrients from the food through
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs the remaining moisture from the waste.
What are the 4 stages to the digestive system?
-Ingestion
-Digestion
-Absorption
-Excretion
What are the two types of digestion?
Chemical and physical.
What makes up a protein, what are they for, what enzyme breaks them down and how can we test for them?
A protein is a large molecule made of a series of amino acids.
They help the body to build up cells and issues and used as enzymes.
Protease.
Biuret reagent, the solution turns from a pale blue to a purple colour.
What makes up a carbohydrate, what are they for, what enzyme breaks them down and how can we test for them?
A carbohydrate can be made up of one or more sugar units. One sugar unit is. simple sugar, and multiple connected sugar units are called starches.
They help supply the body with slow release energy to help the body respire to get energy from the mitochondria.
Amylase.
Drops of iodine, should turn from a brick orange colour to a dark black/ blue.
What makes up a lipid, what are they for, what enzyme breaks them down and how can we test for them?
A glycerol unit and three fatty acids, for quick release energy, lipase, ethanol and water test.
Get food sample and put it in a beaker with water, heat the water to 30 degrees celsius with a water bath and then dribble in ethanol slowly then mix it up, should turn milky if lipids are present.
What does a catalyse do?
Speed up a chemical reaction without being used up itself, by reducing the energy needed to carry out the reaction.
What type of enzyme is pepsin?
Protease found in the stomach.
In the small intestine what is the optimum pH for enzymes to work in and how does it maintain this?
Alkaline. To balance out the acid from the stomach bile is produced as it is alkaline, balancing the pH
What does bile do?
Neutralise the acidity of stomach acid in the small intestine, speeds up the break down of lipids through emulsification.
What are the macronutrients we need to survive?
-Lipids
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
What is the purpose of digestion?
to break down large food molecules into smaller soluble molecules which are more manageable for enzymes to break down into nutrients which we can absorb into our bodies.
What are carbohydrates for?
to provide cells with the energy for cellular respiration to occur so that metabolic reactions can take place.
What are lipids for?
to electrically/ thermally insulate and create energy stores, vital for some hormones and cell membranes.
What are proteins for?
to help with growth and repair, also vital for reactions to take place (enzymes).
What substance does the liver produce and what is its purpose?
it produces bile which helps with the digestion of lipids which hare insoluble in water. It helps emulsify the lipids into smaller more manageable chunks.
Give examples of proteases, where they are produced and where they act:
pepsin
produced in the stomach, small intestine and pancreas.
mouth and small intestine
Give examples of carbohydrases, where they are produced and where they act:
amylase / maltase
salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine wall.
mouth and small intestine
