The Brain

Question 1

VENTRICLES

Answer 1

make sure the brain stays afloat and cushioned like a pillow.

Question 2

Hydrocephalus

Answer 2

-½ in 1000 children will get this in the U.S.
-Shunts can be used but 50% success rate
Swelling of head
Surgery will be required
-When correctly diagnosed and treated, the patient often can return to full functioning!

Question 3

CSF

Answer 3

Waste removal
spread through ependymal cells

Question 4

Marfan Syndrome

Answer 4

Stretchy skin ( hard to stich a patient do to the weak skin)
Abdominal pain.
Arms, legs, fingers, and toes that are much longer in relation to the rest of the body.
Chest that caves in or sticks out.
Curvature of the spine.
Flat feet.
Headaches.
Heartbeat that feels like it is skipping a beat, fluttering, or beating too hard or too fast.

Question 5

Intracranial hypertension

Answer 5

Elevated CSF pressure can cause two problems, severe headache and visual loss. If the elevated CSF pressure remains untreated, permanent visual loss or blindness may result
Headaches.
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Temporary blindness.
Double vision.
Blind spots.
Neck and shoulder pain.
Peripheral (side) vision loss.

Question 5

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS)

Answer 5

joint hypermobility.
loose, unstable joints that dislocate easily.
joint pain and clicking joints.
extreme tiredness (fatigue)
skin that bruises easily.
digestive problems, such as heartburn and constipation.
dizziness and an increased heart rate after standing up.

Question 6

BBB

Answer 6

Tight regulation for the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain

Question 7

MATERIALS TO AFFECT THE BBB

Answer 7

Lead
Mercury
Aluminum

Question 8

CAROTID BLOOD SUPPLY

Answer 8

-Hits the brain and eyes
-Extreme rotation would lead to carotid dissection

Question 9

Ischemic stroke

Answer 9

obstruction of a blood vessel by blood clot or lipid deposit

Question 9

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 9

rupture of a cerebral or subarachnoid blood vessel

Question 10

Frontal:

Answer 10

Schedule, imagine the future, or use reasoned arguments

Question 11

Motor

Answer 11

execute voluntary movement, or intentional movement. i.e. kicking a ball

Question 11

Somatosensory

Answer 11

Process Information about temperature, taste, touch, and movement from the rest of the body

Question 12

Parietal

Answer 12

Reading and arithmetic but taste, aroma, and texture are part of it.

Question 13

Temporal

Answer 13

Responsible for information for the ears. Underside (insula) of each temporal lobe plays a crucial role in forming and retrieving memories. Integration of memories, sensations of taste, sound, sight, and touch

Question 14

Occipital

Answer 14

process of images from the eyes and link that information with images stored in memory

Question 15

Wernick’s area

Answer 15

Sensory matching, junction of Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal lobe. Comprehension of speech

Question 16

Broca’s area

Answer 16

Formulation of speech (sensory) which then passes to motor

Question 17

Limbic system

Answer 17

Regulation of emotions and memories, learning and sexual stimulation.

Question 18

BRAIN STEM

Answer 18

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 19

MIDBRAIN

Answer 19

If damaged then Parkinsons

Question 20

PONS

Answer 20

Relays and regulates the signals that give you the sensation of pain from anywhere in your body below your neck
Connection point to your cerebellum
Coordination and movement
CN 5-8

Question 21

CEREBRUM

Answer 21

White matter
Majority
Myelinated fibers for transmission

Question 22

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Answer 22

Regulation of respiration, heart rate (Via nerve and endocrine system), and blood vessels diameter
Responsible for regulating the sensation in the oral cavity, thorax, head, and abdomen
CN 9-12

Question 23

CEREBELLUM

Answer 23

Maintain
Muscle tone
Posture
Balance
drunken gait

Question 24

HEMORRHAGE

Answer 24

Caused from various trauma inducing injuries (Knifes, brain injury)
Viral can also cause

Question 25

MENINGES

Answer 25

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
Purpose: protection of CNS

Question 26

DURA MATER

Answer 26

Fibrous connective tissue
Outer layer
Lines the vertebral canal
largest sinus

Question 27

ARACHNOID

Answer 27

Middle layer
Cobweb appearance
Subarachnoid space
CSF and blood vessels

Question 28

Subdural

Answer 28

Not a true space. Allows itself to open during trauma i.e. Brain bleed

Question 28

PIA MATER

Answer 28

Inner layer closest to the brain
Tightly bound to the brain and spinal cord

Question 29

Subarachnoid space

Answer 29

CSF filled area helps with protection

Question 30

MENINGITIS

Answer 30

Inflammation of the meninges
Serious for those 3 months to 2 years of age
Starts with invasion of the nose either by bacteria or a virus (Herpes, HIV, Mumps, West nile)
Chemical irritants, fungi, parasites
Pia and Arachnoid affected
Signs: high fever, stiff neck, intense HA, drowsiness, bulging fontanelles in babies
Progression: Coma and death within hours
Brudzinski neck sign
Dx: Lumbar puncture, blood culture, X-ray, CT

Question 31

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

Answer 31

Brain bleed
Between brain tissue and lining
Adds pressure to the brain tissue
Deadliest of head injuries 50-90% mortality rate
Symptoms: Vomiting, worsening HA, slurred speech
Will not feel initial symptoms

Question 32

INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMA

Answer 32

Brain bleed
Between skull and outside lining of the brain

40-50% mortality rate

Question 32

Metastatic

Answer 32

more common brain tumor

Question 33

concussion

Answer 33

80% RESOLVE AVG 10 DAYS FOR RECOVERY
7-14