chapter 12 Nerves

Question 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

nerves and ganglia

Question 3

sensory

Answer 3

afferent (cause)

Question 4

motor (effect)

Answer 4

efferent

Question 5

Ependymal cells

Answer 5

line internal cavities of brain; secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 6

Astrocytes

Answer 6

-most abundant type; wide variety of functions
- formation of blood-brain barrier; adjust blood flow; supply neurons with lactate for energy
-

Question 7

PNS Conditions

Answer 7

-Nerve Damage
Sjogrens
Lupus
Guillarn-Barre
CIDP (Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy)

Question 8

CNS Conditions:

Answer 8

• Neurological disorder affects Brain and spine function
  Myelopathy
  Tourette’s
  Huntington’s
  Cerebral Palsy

Question 9

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 9

-Deterioration of Oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in CNS
-Myelin replaced by hard scar tissue
-Nerve conduction disruption (double vision, tremors, numbness, speech defects)
-Onset between 20 and 40 and fatal from 25 to 30 years after diagnosis
-Cause may be autoimmune triggered by virus

Question 10

Bipolar neuron

Answer 10

olfactory cells, some neurons of retina, sensory neurons of ear

Question 11

Multipolar neuron

Answer 11

one axon and multiple dendrites; most common type in body, most neurons in CNS

Question 12

Anaxonic neuron

Answer 12

found in brain, retina, and adrenal gland

Question 13

Unipolar neuron

Answer 13

Location: Spinal and Cranial Nerve ganglia

Question 14

immediate memory

Answer 14

reading ability, few seconds

Question 15

short term memory

Answer 15

-lasts from seconds to a few hours
-Includes working memory for taking action

Question 16

Long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 16

lasts up to a lifetime and can hold more information than short term memory
-explicit and explicit

Question 17

Long-term depression

Answer 17

low-frequency stimulation of a synapse results in low levels of intracellular Ca+

Question 18

Alzheimer Disease

Question 19

Parkinson Disease

Answer 19

-Progressive loss of motor function due to degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons
-Involuntary muscle contractions
Pill-rolling motion, facial rigidity, slurred speech
-Illegible handwriting, slow gait