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psych 104 > the brain > Flashcards

the brain Flashcards

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1
Q

what parts make up the hindbrain?

A

the brain stem (medulla and pons) and the cerebellum

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2
Q

what is the function of the brain stem?

A

input point for signals that are travelling through the spine

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3
Q

what is the function of the medulla?

A

regulating heartrate and respiration, and a routing point for sensory/motor neuronal travelling

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4
Q

what is the function of the pons?

A

regulate sleep, dreaming and respiration

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5
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

higher level muscular movement (coordination, learning, memory, reflex)

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6
Q

what is the midbrain used for?

A

a sensory relay station, consciousness

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7
Q

what is the main part of the midbrain?

A

reticular formation

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8
Q

what is the function of reticular formation?

A

ascending portion sends input to the higher regions, and the descending portion admits or blocks signals

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9
Q

what is the reticular formation a relay center for?

A

vision and audition (motor neurons that control eye movement)

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10
Q

what is the forebrain used for?

A

sensory, motor, and biological drives

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11
Q

what are the three parts of the forebrain?

A

thalamus, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus

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12
Q

what is the function of the thalamus?

A

routes sensory information, like a ‘sensory switchboard’

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13
Q

what is the thalamus important for?

A

sensory processing (signals that leave your eye head to the visual cortex)

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14
Q

what does the basal ganglia control? what is another role?

A

voluntary muscle movement and learning/reward

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15
Q

what does the basal ganglia produce?

A

dopamine, which is why it is associated with motor control

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16
Q

what is the hypothalamus important for?

A

controlling biological drives like eating, drinking, sexual behavior, temperature, aggression

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17
Q

what does the forebrain affect?

A

hormones through the connection with the pituitary gland

18
Q

in the forebrain, the ____________ or ____________ of various parts can ____________ motivated behavior

A

destruction, stimulation, modulate

19
Q

what is the limbic system used for?

A

memory, emotion, and goal-directed behavior

20
Q

what are the parts of the limbic system?

A

hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens

21
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus? (2)

A

forming/retrieving memories
navigate our environment

22
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

organize emotion response patterns, usually fear and aggression

23
Q

what is the nucleus accumbens important for ?

A

behaviors associated with reward and motivation

24
Q

what is the nucleus accumbens associated with?

A

motor control and feelings the effects of rewards (involved with dopamine release)

25
Q

the cerebral cortex relates to?

A

conscious thought process

26
Q

what are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

27
Q

what is the frontal lobe in charge of? (5)

A
  1. executive function (planning, attention, reasoning, judgement
  2. self-awareness
  3. speech
  4. skeletal motor function
  5. emotional regulation
28
Q

what is one of the last parts of the brain to develop?

A

the frontal lobe

29
Q

what does the occipital lobe contain?

A

the primary visual cortex (basic visual functioning)

30
Q

how does the occipital lobe get information to the visual cortex?

A

the initial signal from the retina sends information to the visual cortex

31
Q

what is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

complex visual processing, memory and language

32
Q

what does the temporal lobe contain?

A

the primary auditory cortex (auditory processing)

33
Q

what are the functions of the parietal lobe? (3)

A

body sensations
integration of sensory information (touch, pain, pressure)
multi-modal processing (where scent/sound is coming from)

34
Q

what is broca’s area ?

A

language production and speech formation

35
Q

what is wernicke’s area?

A

the comprehension of language

36
Q

what is the cerebral cortex divided into?

A

the primary motor and somatic sensory cortex

37
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

controls voluntary movement of lots of muscles

38
Q

what is the function of the somatic sensory cortex?

A

receive sensory input from various regions of the body

39
Q

what is contralateral wiring?

A

the right and left brain hemisphere controls the opposite side of your body (right hemisphere, left side)

40
Q

the amount of the cortex that is devoted to each part of the body is directly proportionate to what?

A

the sensitivity of the area (higher at fingertips, less on your back)

41
Q

what senses have specialized areas in the cerebral cortex?

A

auditory, vision and touch

psych 104 (18 decks)

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