color perception theory

Question 1

how did the young-helmoltz trichromatic theory emerge?

Answer 1

any color can be created by mixing together varying quantities of blue, green, and red

Question 2

what is additive color theory?

Answer 2

mixing lights, and color perception is determined by what wavelengths are present or added

Question 3

what is subtractive color theory?

Answer 3

has to do with mixing paint! if you are seeing blue paint, it appears blue because it is trapping all parts of the visible light spectrum except for blue

Question 4

what does the young-helmoltc trichromatic theory propose?

Answer 4

there are three different types of color receptors (cones) in the retina that correspond to each of these three colors

Question 5

what did the trichromatic theory hypothesize?

Answer 5

the visual system could combine activity from these cells to encode color through an additive mixture of impulse

Question 6

what could trichromatic color theory not explain?

Answer 6

people who have red-green color blindness should not be able to perceive yellow according to this theory, as red and green make yellow, but they can
afterimages

Question 7

what are afterimages

Answer 7

negative color afterimages demonstrate opponent processes occurring somewhere in the visual system (canadian flag off color)

Question 8

what did the opponent-process theory propose?

Answer 8

we have three cone types, each which respond to two different wavelengths

Question 9

what is the rebound effect?

Answer 9

when certain cones get adapted/fatigued

Question 10

what is the color theory we go off of today?

Answer 10

dual-process theory

Question 11

what is the dual-process theory?

Answer 11

we have three cone types that are each maximally sensitive to three different wavelengths

Question 12

where do opponent processes of dual process theory occur?

Answer 12

in ganglion cells and parts of the visual cortex

Question 13

what are the three color perception deficiencies?

Answer 13

trichromats, dichromats and monochromats

Question 14

what are trichromats?

Answer 14

have normal color vision, with systems that are sensitive to: red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white (3 cones)

Question 15

what are dichromats?

Answer 15

have deficient in one cone system (missing a cone); most commonly red-green

Question 16

what are monochromats?

Answer 16

sensitive to black-white only

Question 17

how does visual transduction occur?

Answer 17

neural impulses flow from the eye to the thalamus and onto the primary visual cortex (in the occipital lobe)

Question 18

what are feature detectors?

Answer 18

neurons that are ‘tuned; to respond most strongly to specific stimuli characteristics (shape, orientation, color, depth, movement)

Question 19

what is retinotopy?

Answer 19

two points that are close together on an image formed in the retina will also be processed in areas of the cortex that are close together

Question 20

what is somatotopy?

Answer 20

somatic sensory cortex

Question 21

what does the fovea have?

Answer 21

enlarged representation in the visual cortex

Question 22

what is parallel processing?

Answer 22

different modules in the brain simultaneously process information related to properties like color, movement, shape and distance (multiple processes at once)

Question 23

what happens in the visual association cortex?

Answer 23

visual information is interpreted for meaning based on things like prior experience, memory, knowledge