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Medicine > The Black Death of 1348 > Flashcards

The Black Death of 1348 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Black Death hit Britain?

A

1348

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2
Q

How was bubonic plague spread?

A

Fleas on black rats

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3
Q

How was pneumonic plague spread?

A

Air, contact with a victim’s breath through coughing or blood

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4
Q

Within how many days of showing initial symptoms could the Black Death kill victims?

A

2

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5
Q

Where did the Black Death begin?

A

Asía

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6
Q

What did the disease spread along to reach Western Europe?

A

Trade routes

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7
Q

Where did the Black Death reach in 1347?

A

Constantinople in Turkey

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8
Q

People believed miasma caused the Black Death, what was this?

A

Bad smells corrupting the air

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9
Q

Who was the Black Death believed to be a punishment from?

A

God

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10
Q

Why was God punishing people via the Black Death?

A

Not attending church, being sinful, wearing pointy shoes, having long hair and fancy clothes

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11
Q

The position of what were believed to have caused the Black Death?

A

Stars and planets

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12
Q

Who were believed to have poisoned wells, causing the Black Death?

A

Jews

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13
Q

What happened in China in 1347?

A

An earthquake that people believed had sent demons to spread the Black Death

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14
Q

What were believed to be out of balance, resulting in the Black Death?

A

Humours

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15
Q

What bacteria actually caused the Black Death?

A

Yersina Petis

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16
Q

Where did yersinia pestis grow?

A

Flees’ stomachs

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17
Q

How did the yersinia pestis spread?

A

Grew in the stomachs of flees, flees fed on rats blood, disease killed the rats, flees moved onto humans and passed on the disease

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18
Q

Why were the poor malnourished and therefore more vulnerable to infection?

A

Food shortages

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19
Q

Why did the Black Death spread so quickly?

A

Unhygienic habits, rats could breed
Animals dug up victims’ bodies
Quarantine not as effective on infected areas
Widespread ignorance of germs and causes of disease
Laws about cleanliness difficult to enforce

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20
Q

How did people try to avoid the Black Death through appeasing God?

A

Matching through the street praying by order of the king

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21
Q

Why did people avoid baths?

A

Opening pores could cause disease

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22
Q

What did people avoid?

A

Sex

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23
Q

Who did people move away from?

A

Victims

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24
Q

How did people become safe from miasma?

A

Smelling a posey of sweet smelling herbs

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25
Q

What did people bathe in to avoid the plague?

A

Urine

26
Q

How many times a day did people bathe in urine?

A

3

27
Q

How many times a day did people drink urine to avoid the plague?

A

1

28
Q

Why did people ring church bells to avoid the plague?

A

Scare off evil spirits

29
Q

How did people try to balance the humours?

A

Purging, vomiting and bloodletting

30
Q

What did people attend to avoid the plague?

A

Church

31
Q

What did people do to buboes in an attempt to cure the plague?

A

Pop them

32
Q

What did people put on buboes to cure the plague?

A

Feathers plucked from a chicken’s anus

33
Q

What did people drink to cure the plague?

A

Vinegar and mercury

34
Q

How did people try to cure the plague via punishment?

A

Flagellation

35
Q

Why did people believe blood letting would cure the plague?

A

Balance the humours and release evil spirits

36
Q

What town built cemeteries away from homes?

A

Winchester

37
Q

Why did some towns build cemeteries away from homes?

A

Some thought that the plague was coming from dead bodies

38
Q

How did some towns like Gloucester try to prevent the plague spreading?

A

By stopping anyone outside the town entering but this did not succeed

39
Q

What zones did towns try to set up? Were they successful?

A

Quarantine zones, no

40
Q

Due to ships being quarantined, how many days did they have to wait before entering Britain?

A

40

41
Q

% of the British population that died

A

30-45%

42
Q

What was the population in 1400 in relation to 1300?

A

Half

43
Q

How many villages were completely wiped out?

A

1000

44
Q

% of Europe’s population that died

A

50%

45
Q

How many people died in Britain between 1348 and 1350?

A

1.5 million

46
Q

Why did the cost of buying land fall after the Black Death?

A

Lower population

47
Q

What did the lower cost of land allow peasants to do?

A

Buy land

48
Q

What did peasants ask for after the Black Death?

A

Higher wages

49
Q

What was established in 1349 to stop peasants moving around in search of higher wages?

A

Ordinance of Labourers

50
Q

When was the peasants’ revolt where they demanded higher wages?

A

1381

51
Q

What weakened the feudal system?

A

The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381

52
Q

Why did the Black Death damage the Catholic Church?

A

Many experienced priests died and others had fled

New clergymen demanded higher wages

53
Q

Why did food prices increase?

A

Plague created food shortages

54
Q

What was the ruin of many landowners?

A

Drastic reduction in the amount of land under cultivation due to the deaths of many labourers

55
Q

What did many landowners switch to? Why was this?

A

Sheep farming as it needed fewer workers

56
Q

What led to better conditions and pay for workers?

A

Shortage of labour

57
Q

What were farm workers less willing to do?

A

Work for the feudal landlord and be tied to the land

58
Q

What immediately followed when wars stopped for a short time?

A

A sudden slump in trade

59
Q

When did the Black Death subside?

A

1350

60
Q

From when did further outbreaks occur at intervals?

A

The later half of the 14th century to the 18th century

61
Q

How many Londoners were killed in 1603 due to plague?

A

38,000

62
Q

When was the Great Plague?

A

1665

Medicine (31 decks)

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