Medieval Surgeons Flashcards
Who criticised the common view that pus was needed for wounds to heal?
Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodoric of Lucca
Where was Theodoric of Lucca a bishop?
Bologna, Italy
What did Theodoric of Lucca write in Bologna?
Surgical books
Who’s ideas did Theodoric of Lucca challenge?
Galen
What approach did Theodoric of Lucca encourage?
Antiseptic
What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca use as a disinfectant?
Wine
What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca promote the use of in surgery?
Anaesthetics
What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca use as an anaesthetic?
A sponge soaked in a dissolved solution of opium, mandrake, hemlock, mulberry juice and ivy
Held it beneath the most of patients to induce unconsciousness
What new methods did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca have to remove?
Arrows
Why did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca’s advice on treating infection not become popular?
They clashed with Hippocratic advice that pus was necessary for wounds to heal
Guy de Chauliac opposed their ideas
Who pioneered anatomy in the 14th century?
Mondino de Luzzi
What did Mondino de Luzzi popularise?
Dissection
What book did Mondino de Luzzi write?
Anathomia
What did Anathomia become the standard manual for?
Dissection
How long for was Anathomia the standard dissection manual?
Over 200 years
What did Mondino de Luzzi supervise in 1316?
A public dissection
What happened when Mondino de Luzzi’s dissection didn’t fit Galen’s description?
The body was thought to be wrong
What was Guy de Chauliac?
A famous French surgeon
What influential surgical textbook did Guy de Chauliac write?
Great Surgery
How many times did Great Surgery (Guy de Chauliac) reference Galen?
890
Whose ideas about preventing infection did Guy de Chauliac oppose?
Theodoric of Lucca
Who was the most famous surgeon in medieval England?
John of Ardene
Where did John of Ardene train?
London
What did John of Ardene have a 50% success rate for?
Removing growths from a patient’s anus which was astounding for the 14th century
What war did John of Ardene work as a surgeon in?
The 100 Years War
What did the 100 Years War help John of Ardene deal with?
Major wounds
What did John of Ardene develop on the battlefields of the 100 Years War?
Painkilling ointments of Hemlock, opium and henbane
What did Ardene’s painkilling ointments of Hemlock, opium and henbane stop the need for?
Cauterising wounds which led to frequent death
What surgical manual did John of Ardene write?
Practica
What knowledge was Practica based on?
Greek and Arab and his experience in the 100 Years War
Who was the 100 Years War between?
England and France
What did John of Ardene set up in 1368?
The Guild or Surgeons
How did John of Ardene say doctors should talk to patients?
Calmly
What did John of Ardene say doctors shouldn’t rely on?
The old texts of Galen and Hippocrates
