Medieval Surgeons

Question 1

Who criticised the common view that pus was needed for wounds to heal?

Answer 1

Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodoric of Lucca

Question 2

Where was Theodoric of Lucca a bishop?

Answer 2

Bologna, Italy

Question 3

What did Theodoric of Lucca write in Bologna?

Answer 3

Surgical books

Question 4

Who’s ideas did Theodoric of Lucca challenge?

Answer 4

Galen

Question 5

What approach did Theodoric of Lucca encourage?

Answer 5

Antiseptic

Question 6

What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca use as a disinfectant?

Answer 6

Wine

Question 7

What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca promote the use of in surgery?

Answer 7

Anaesthetics

Question 8

What did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca use as an anaesthetic?

Answer 8

A sponge soaked in a dissolved solution of opium, mandrake, hemlock, mulberry juice and ivy
Held it beneath the most of patients to induce unconsciousness

Question 9

What new methods did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca have to remove?

Answer 9

Arrows

Question 10

Why did Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca’s advice on treating infection not become popular?

Answer 10

They clashed with Hippocratic advice that pus was necessary for wounds to heal
Guy de Chauliac opposed their ideas

Question 11

Who pioneered anatomy in the 14th century?

Answer 11

Mondino de Luzzi

Question 12

What did Mondino de Luzzi popularise?

Answer 12

Dissection

Question 13

What book did Mondino de Luzzi write?

Answer 13

Anathomia

Question 14

What did Anathomia become the standard manual for?

Answer 14

Dissection

Question 15

How long for was Anathomia the standard dissection manual?

Answer 15

Over 200 years

Question 16

What did Mondino de Luzzi supervise in 1316?

Answer 16

A public dissection

Question 17

What happened when Mondino de Luzzi’s dissection didn’t fit Galen’s description?

Answer 17

The body was thought to be wrong

Question 18

What was Guy de Chauliac?

Answer 18

A famous French surgeon

Question 19

What influential surgical textbook did Guy de Chauliac write?

Answer 19

Great Surgery

Question 20

How many times did Great Surgery (Guy de Chauliac) reference Galen?

Answer 20

890

Question 21

Whose ideas about preventing infection did Guy de Chauliac oppose?

Answer 21

Theodoric of Lucca

Question 22

Who was the most famous surgeon in medieval England?

Answer 22

John of Ardene

Question 23

Where did John of Ardene train?

Answer 23

London

Question 24

What did John of Ardene have a 50% success rate for?

Answer 24

Removing growths from a patient’s anus which was astounding for the 14th century

Question 25

What war did John of Ardene work as a surgeon in?

Answer 25

The 100 Years War

Question 26

What did the 100 Years War help John of Ardene deal with?

Answer 26

Major wounds

Question 27

What did John of Ardene develop on the battlefields of the 100 Years War?

Answer 27

Painkilling ointments of Hemlock, opium and henbane

Question 28

What did Ardene’s painkilling ointments of Hemlock, opium and henbane stop the need for?

Answer 28

Cauterising wounds which led to frequent death

Question 29

What surgical manual did John of Ardene write?

Answer 29

Practica

Question 30

What knowledge was Practica based on?

Answer 30

Greek and Arab and his experience in the 100 Years War

Question 31

Who was the 100 Years War between?

Answer 31

England and France

Question 32

What did John of Ardene set up in 1368?

Answer 32

The Guild or Surgeons

Question 33

How did John of Ardene say doctors should talk to patients?

Answer 33

Calmly

Question 34

What did John of Ardene say doctors shouldn’t rely on?

Answer 34

The old texts of Galen and Hippocrates