19th Century Public Health Flashcards
When was the first cholera outbreak?
1831-32
How many people died in the 1831-32 cholera outbreak?
52,000
In 1842, what was life expectancy for the rich?
45
In 1842, what was life expectancy for the poor?
16
In 1842 in Manchester, what % of children died before the age of 5?
57
What did Edwin Chadwick write in 1842?
Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population
When was the second cholera outbreak?
1847-48
How many people did the 1847-48 cholera outbreak kill?
70,000
When was the first Public Health Act?
1848
What did the 1848 Public Health Act set up?
Central Board of Health
What could local governments set up due to the 1848 Public Health Act?
Non compulsory boards of health
Why was the 1848 Public Health Act a failure?
Only 103 towns set up a local board of health
Central Board of Health was abolished in 1854
How many died from the 1854 cholera outbreak?
30,000
In the first 10 days of the 1854 outbreak, how many died in John Snow’s locality?
700
What did John Snow remove?
Broad Street Pump
When was the Great Stink?
1858
Who did parliament fund to build the sewers after the 1858 Great Stink?
Joseph Bazalgette
What did Charles dickens describe the Thames as?
A deadly sewer
How long did it take parliament to vote in a bill for a complete new sewage system?
18 days
When was the sewer opened and by whom?
1865 by Edward Prince of Wales
How many miles was the sewer?
83
How many gallons of sewage did the sewer remove a day?
420 million
When was the last cholera epidemic?
1866
How many died in the last cholera epidemic?
18,000
When was the 2nd Public Health Act?
1875
Why was the 2nd Public Health Act more successful?
Mandatory to clean and improve living standards
Medical officers of health appointed
