19th Century Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first cholera outbreak?

A

1831-32

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2
Q

How many people died in the 1831-32 cholera outbreak?

A

52,000

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3
Q

In 1842, what was life expectancy for the rich?

A

45

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4
Q

In 1842, what was life expectancy for the poor?

A

16

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5
Q

In 1842 in Manchester, what % of children died before the age of 5?

A

57

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6
Q

What did Edwin Chadwick write in 1842?

A

Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population

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7
Q

When was the second cholera outbreak?

A

1847-48

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8
Q

How many people did the 1847-48 cholera outbreak kill?

A

70,000

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9
Q

When was the first Public Health Act?

A

1848

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10
Q

What did the 1848 Public Health Act set up?

A

Central Board of Health

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11
Q

What could local governments set up due to the 1848 Public Health Act?

A

Non compulsory boards of health

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12
Q

Why was the 1848 Public Health Act a failure?

A

Only 103 towns set up a local board of health

Central Board of Health was abolished in 1854

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13
Q

How many died from the 1854 cholera outbreak?

A

30,000

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14
Q

In the first 10 days of the 1854 outbreak, how many died in John Snow’s locality?

A

700

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15
Q

What did John Snow remove?

A

Broad Street Pump

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16
Q

When was the Great Stink?

A

1858

17
Q

Who did parliament fund to build the sewers after the 1858 Great Stink?

A

Joseph Bazalgette

18
Q

What did Charles dickens describe the Thames as?

A

A deadly sewer

19
Q

How long did it take parliament to vote in a bill for a complete new sewage system?

A

18 days

20
Q

When was the sewer opened and by whom?

A

1865 by Edward Prince of Wales

21
Q

How many miles was the sewer?

A

83

22
Q

How many gallons of sewage did the sewer remove a day?

A

420 million

23
Q

When was the last cholera epidemic?

A

1866

24
Q

How many died in the last cholera epidemic?

A

18,000

25
Q

When was the 2nd Public Health Act?

A

1875

26
Q

Why was the 2nd Public Health Act more successful?

A

Mandatory to clean and improve living standards

Medical officers of health appointed