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Anatomy BLOCK 2 > The abdomen > Flashcards

The abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

important thing about quadrants

A

-know where to auscultate, percuss, and palpate the patients and to record the locations of findings during a physical exam

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2
Q

what is the division between the upper and lower quadrants?

A

umbilical

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3
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper Quadrant

  • liver; right lobe
  • gallbladder
  • stomach; pylorus
  • duodenum: parts 1-3
  • pancreas: head
  • right suprarenal gland
  • right kidney
  • right colic (hepatic)
  • ascending colon; superior part
  • transverse colon; right half
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4
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

  • Liver; left lobe
  • spleen
  • stomach
  • jejunum and proximal ileum
  • pancreas; body and tall
  • left kidney
  • left suprarenal gland
  • left colic (splenic) flexure
  • transverse colon: left half
  • descending colon: superior part
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5
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

  • cecum
  • appendix
  • most of ileum
  • ascending colon: inferior part
  • right ovary
  • right uterine tube
  • right ureter: abdominal part
  • right spermatic cord: abdominal part
  • uterus (if enlarged)
  • urinary bladder (if very full)
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6
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

  • sigmoid colon
  • descending colon: inferior part
  • left ovary
  • left uterine tube
  • left ureter: abdominal part
  • left spermatic cord: abdominal part
  • uterus (if enlarged)
  • urinary bladder (if very full)
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7
Q

what are other regions of clinical significance?

A
  • epigastric region
  • hypogastric region
  • umbilical region
  • right and left iliac regions
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8
Q

epigastric region

A

the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane

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9
Q

hypogastric region

A

region of the abdomen located below the umbilical region. The pubis bone constitutes its lower limit

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10
Q

umbilical region

A

area centralized on the umbilicus (naval)

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11
Q

Right and Left iliac and regions

A

region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions

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12
Q

wings on the pelvis

A

iliac crest

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13
Q

abdominal skin

A

loosely attached except at the umbilicus where the scar tissue makes a strong attachment. Skin collagen runs in the natural lines of cleavage that mimic the dermatomes pattern

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14
Q

lines of cleavage

A

skin collagen runs in these natural lines that mimic the dermatomes pattern. In surgery, they cut in horizontal lines BC it scars less

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15
Q

cutaneous nerve supply

A
  • anteriorly from the anterior rami of the spinal nerves of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and 1st lumbar vertebrae
  • the thoracic nerves are the lowest 5 intercostals and the subcostal nerve
  • the 1st lumber is the iliohypogastric and the ilioinguinal nerve
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16
Q

T-12 nerve

A

subcostal nerve

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17
Q

L-1

A

branches into iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

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18
Q

What dermatome is the epigastric area?

A

T7, near the xiphoid process

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19
Q

What dermatome is near umbilicus?

A

T10

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20
Q

What dermatome is near the inguinal canal?

A

L1

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21
Q

Fatty layer (Campers fascia)

A

the fat that no one likes. superficial to the membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

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22
Q

Skin blood supply at midline

A

-superior and inferior epigastric artery

23
Q

What does the superior epigastric artery arise from?

A

internal throacic artery

24
Q

what doe the inferior epigastric artery arise from?

A

external iliac artery

25
Q

superior and inferior epigastric artery

A

they anastomose near the epigastric area

26
Q

inguinal region blood supply for skin

A

superficial epigastric

  • superficial circumflex iliac
  • superficial external peddle arteries
27
Q

Lateral abdominal cutaneous branches of nerves

A

come off of the costal nerves and loop around

28
Q

anterior abdominal cutaneous branch

A

comes off the front of the costal nerves and loops back

29
Q

venous drainage of the skin: superiorly

A

lateral thoracic into the axillary vein (armpit)

30
Q

venous drainage of the skin: inferiorly

A

superficial epigastric and the great saphenous vein into the femoral vein

31
Q

Lymph drainage of the skin of abdomen

A
  • above the level of the umbilicus is upward to the anterior axillary (pectoral) group of nodes.
  • Below the level of the umbilicus, the lymph drains downward and laterally to the superficial inguinal nodes
32
Q

Fascia

A

a thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or organ

33
Q

superficial fascia

A
  • a loose fatty layer (Campers)
  • continuous with fat found all over the body. Found just below the skin

-A tough membranous layer (Scarpa’s) that lies beneath the fatty layer and just precedes the muscular layer of the abdomen.

34
Q

Deep fascia

A

a thin layer of fascia that envelopes the muscles of the abdominal wall

35
Q

Muscles of the abdomen

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transversus
rectus abdominus

36
Q

external oblique

A

mose external muscle found laterally

runs anterior-inferiorly (forward and down)

37
Q

internal oblique

A

lies below the external oblique
muscle fibers run anterior-superiorly (forward and up)
Fibers run at 90 degrees from the external oblique

38
Q

transversus

A

lies below the internal oblique

deepest abdominal wall muscle

39
Q

rectus abdominus

A
  • long strap muscle that extends along the whole length of the anterior abdominal wall.
  • broader above and lies close to the midline, being separated from its fellow by the linea alba
40
Q

rectus sheath

A

“tendon” for broad thin muscles

41
Q

rectus sheath

A
  • long fibrous sheath that encloses the rectus abdominis muscles and contains the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic nerves
  • formed by the aponeuroses of the three later abdominal muscles
  • multilayered, tough
42
Q

Aponeurosis

A

a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissues that takes the place of a tendon in sheet-like muscles having a wide area of attachment

43
Q

thickness of abdominal muscles

A
  • muscles have different thicknesses depending on where you look at them
  • the 3 abdominal muscles tun laterally and taper near the midline where it becomes the aponeurosis, or the rectus sheath
44
Q

What nerves have cutaneous branches?

A

intercostals

45
Q

Fascia transversalis

A

thin layer of fascia that lines the transverses abdominis muscles and is continuous with a similar layer lining the diaphragm and the iliac muscle

46
Q

inguinal canal

A
  • allows structures to pass to and from the testis to the abdomen in males
  • in females, it allows the round ligament of the uterus to pass from the uterus to the labium majus
47
Q

anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

external oblique aponeurosis

48
Q

posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

conjoint tendon medially, fascia transversalis laterally

49
Q

roof or superior wall of inguinal canal

A

arching lowest fibers of the internal oblique and transverses abdominus muscles

50
Q

floor or inferior wall of inguinal canal

A

upturned lower edge of the inguinal ligament and, at its medial end, the lacunar ligament

51
Q

spermatic cord

A

structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testis
-begins at the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery and ends at the testis

52
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

internal oblique and transverse oblique aponeuroses wraps around inside of this and sticks it like tape to the top

53
Q

inguinal ligament

A

very strong attachment from the iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Anatomy BLOCK 2 (10 decks)

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