Anatomy Review BLOCK 2 Flashcards
Presynaptic fibers
White
Post synaptic fibers
Grey
Fiber between the brain and the ganglion
- white
- myelinated
- fast
Fibers after synapsing
- grey
- slower
- lacking myelin
Suprarenal gland medulla
-acts as a ganglion
Do all 4 pathways have grey fibers?
Yes but they don;t all go though gray rami, the 4th pathway synapses on organ
Synapse in celiac ganglion
Organ
Synapse in sympathetic chain
Dermatome
Purpose of inguinal canal
Transport vessels deep to superficial
What are the only things that lie superficial to the inguinal canal?
The spermaticords and the round ligament of the uterus
How does venous blood drain the body superficially?
Below umbilical region
-drains toward femoral/saphenous vein
Above umbilical
-lateral thoracic, axillary
Parasympathetic nerves of the aortic plexus
- sacral
- vagal
- visceral afferent
Macula densa
- senses water, monitors it
- tells brain, brain responds
Relationship between abdominal muscles and sheaths and able linea
- aponeuroses toward midline of body
- changes as you move down midline
- just know its different in different places
What are all of the retroperitoneal structures?
S-suprarenal glands
A-abdominal aorta
D- duodenum
P-pancreas U-ureters C- Colon (ascending and descending) K-kidneys E-esophagus R-rectum
What are the 4 major nerves of the lumbar plexus?
- ilohypogastric
- ilioinguinal
- femoral
- lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
What are the branches off of the lumbar plexus?
- obteratur
- genitofemoral
What are the 3 chronic microvascular issues in DM?
- nephropathy (urinalysis)
- retinopathy (easy to detect)
- neuropathy (hard to detect)
What is a test you can do to test for nephropathy?
Check urine for albumin - protenuria
Explain what happens to glomerulus in DM
Mesangial expansion Mess with podocytes Basement membrane thickens Reduce fenestration -glomerulus can't filter -brain opens up blood vessels -glomerular sclerosis already, pressure in glomerulus increases
Indirect hernia
- lateral and inferior epigastric vessels
- deep inguinal canal
- superficial ring
Direct hernia
Through muscle
Femoral hernia
- femoral triangle
- NAVEL
- sheath NAV
- EL femoral, can take this route to exit body
Anterior visceral branches of aorta
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
What are the lateral visceral branches of the aorta
- suprarenal artery
- renal artery
- gonadal artery
What are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the aorta?
- inferior phrenic artery
- 4 lumbar arteries
What are the terminal branches of the aorta
The two common iliac arteries and the median sacral artery
Perirenal space
Directly around kidney
Anterior pararenal space
Area in front of the kidneys
Posterior para renal space
Space behind the kidneys
What filters into the BOwman’s capsule
Everything filters out of blood here (except blood components)
What is the tissue that lines the parietal layer of the Bowmans capsule
Simple squamous
What filters through the renal corpuscle
Water, metabolic waste, ions, small molecules
Proximal convoluted tubules
- simple cuboidal epithelium with abundant long microvilli
- transports ions and re absorbing water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and vitamins from filtrate
Loop of Henle
- descending limb is permeable to water, chlorine, and sodium salts. Reabsorbed salts and water and reduce volume of filtrate
- ascending limb is impermeable to water and it actively pumps chlorine and sodium ions from the tubes back into the medullary interstitium
Distal convoluted tubules
- simple cuboidal no microvilli
- macula densa
- remove Na+ and add K+
- reabsorbed bicarbonate ions and secrete ammonium
- acid-base
- water balance
What does suprarenal medulla secrete?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What does suprarenal cortex secrete?
Glucocorticoids
Type I DM
Body does not produce insulin
