Anatomy Review BLOCK 2

Question 1

Presynaptic fibers

Answer 1

White

Question 2

Post synaptic fibers

Answer 2

Grey

Question 3

Fiber between the brain and the ganglion

Answer 3

• white
• myelinated
• fast

Question 4

Fibers after synapsing

Answer 4

• grey
• slower
• lacking myelin

Question 5

Suprarenal gland medulla

Answer 5

-acts as a ganglion

Question 6

Do all 4 pathways have grey fibers?

Answer 6

Yes but they don;t all go though gray rami, the 4th pathway synapses on organ

Question 7

Synapse in celiac ganglion

Answer 7

Organ

Question 8

Synapse in sympathetic chain

Answer 8

Dermatome

Question 9

Purpose of inguinal canal

Answer 9

Transport vessels deep to superficial

Question 10

What are the only things that lie superficial to the inguinal canal?

Answer 10

The spermaticords and the round ligament of the uterus

Question 11

How does venous blood drain the body superficially?

Answer 11

Below umbilical region
-drains toward femoral/saphenous vein

Above umbilical
-lateral thoracic, axillary

Question 12

Parasympathetic nerves of the aortic plexus

Answer 12

• sacral
• vagal
• visceral afferent

Question 13

Macula densa

Answer 13

• senses water, monitors it

- tells brain, brain responds

Question 14

Relationship between abdominal muscles and sheaths and able linea

Answer 14

• aponeuroses toward midline of body
• changes as you move down midline
• just know its different in different places

Question 15

What are all of the retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 15

S-suprarenal glands
A-abdominal aorta
D- duodenum

P-pancreas 
U-ureters
C- Colon (ascending and descending)
K-kidneys
E-esophagus
R-rectum

Question 16

What are the 4 major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 16

• ilohypogastric
• ilioinguinal
• femoral
• lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 17

What are the branches off of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 17

• obteratur

- genitofemoral

Question 18

What are the 3 chronic microvascular issues in DM?

Answer 18

• nephropathy (urinalysis)
• retinopathy (easy to detect)
• neuropathy (hard to detect)

Question 19

What is a test you can do to test for nephropathy?

Answer 19

Check urine for albumin - protenuria

Question 20

Explain what happens to glomerulus in DM

Answer 20

Mesangial expansion 
Mess with podocytes 
Basement membrane thickens
Reduce fenestration
-glomerulus can't filter
-brain opens up blood vessels 
-glomerular sclerosis already, pressure in glomerulus increases

Question 21

Indirect hernia

Answer 21

• lateral and inferior epigastric vessels
• deep inguinal canal
• superficial ring

Question 22

Direct hernia

Answer 22

Through muscle

Question 23

Femoral hernia

Answer 23

• femoral triangle
• NAVEL
  
  • sheath NAV
  • EL femoral, can take this route to exit body

Question 24

Anterior visceral branches of aorta

Answer 24

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Question 25

What are the lateral visceral branches of the aorta

Answer 25

- suprarenal artery - renal artery - gonadal artery

Question 26

What are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the aorta?

Answer 26

- inferior phrenic artery | - 4 lumbar arteries

Question 27

What are the terminal branches of the aorta

Answer 27

The two common iliac arteries and the median sacral artery

Question 28

Perirenal space

Answer 28

Directly around kidney

Question 29

Anterior pararenal space

Answer 29

Area in front of the kidneys

Question 30

Posterior para renal space

Answer 30

Space behind the kidneys

Question 31

What filters into the BOwman's capsule

Answer 31

Everything filters out of blood here (except blood components)

Question 32

What is the tissue that lines the parietal layer of the Bowmans capsule

Answer 32

Simple squamous

Question 33

What filters through the renal corpuscle

Answer 33

Water, metabolic waste, ions, small molecules

Question 34

Proximal convoluted tubules

Answer 34

- simple cuboidal epithelium with abundant long microvilli | - transports ions and re absorbing water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and vitamins from filtrate

Question 35

Loop of Henle

Answer 35

- descending limb is permeable to water, chlorine, and sodium salts. Reabsorbed salts and water and reduce volume of filtrate - ascending limb is impermeable to water and it actively pumps chlorine and sodium ions from the tubes back into the medullary interstitium

Question 36

Distal convoluted tubules

Answer 36

- simple cuboidal no microvilli - macula densa - remove Na+ and add K+ - reabsorbed bicarbonate ions and secrete ammonium - acid-base - water balance

Question 37

What does suprarenal medulla secrete?

Answer 37

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 38

What does suprarenal cortex secrete?

Answer 38

Glucocorticoids

Question 39

Type I DM

Answer 39

Body does not produce insulin