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Anatomy BLOCK 2 > Anatomy Review BLOCK 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Review BLOCK 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Presynaptic fibers

A

White

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2
Q

Post synaptic fibers

A

Grey

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3
Q

Fiber between the brain and the ganglion

A
  • white
  • myelinated
  • fast
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4
Q

Fibers after synapsing

A
  • grey
  • slower
  • lacking myelin
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5
Q

Suprarenal gland medulla

A

-acts as a ganglion

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6
Q

Do all 4 pathways have grey fibers?

A

Yes but they don;t all go though gray rami, the 4th pathway synapses on organ

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7
Q

Synapse in celiac ganglion

A

Organ

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8
Q

Synapse in sympathetic chain

A

Dermatome

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9
Q

Purpose of inguinal canal

A

Transport vessels deep to superficial

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10
Q

What are the only things that lie superficial to the inguinal canal?

A

The spermaticords and the round ligament of the uterus

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11
Q

How does venous blood drain the body superficially?

A

Below umbilical region
-drains toward femoral/saphenous vein

Above umbilical
-lateral thoracic, axillary

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nerves of the aortic plexus

A
  • sacral
  • vagal
  • visceral afferent
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13
Q

Macula densa

A
  • senses water, monitors it

- tells brain, brain responds

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14
Q

Relationship between abdominal muscles and sheaths and able linea

A
  • aponeuroses toward midline of body
  • changes as you move down midline
  • just know its different in different places
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15
Q

What are all of the retroperitoneal structures?

A

S-suprarenal glands
A-abdominal aorta
D- duodenum

P-pancreas 
U-ureters
C- Colon (ascending and descending)
K-kidneys
E-esophagus
R-rectum
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16
Q

What are the 4 major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • ilohypogastric
  • ilioinguinal
  • femoral
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
17
Q

What are the branches off of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • obteratur

- genitofemoral

18
Q

What are the 3 chronic microvascular issues in DM?

A
  • nephropathy (urinalysis)
  • retinopathy (easy to detect)
  • neuropathy (hard to detect)
19
Q

What is a test you can do to test for nephropathy?

A

Check urine for albumin - protenuria

20
Q

Explain what happens to glomerulus in DM

A 
Mesangial expansion 
Mess with podocytes 
Basement membrane thickens
Reduce fenestration
-glomerulus can't filter
-brain opens up blood vessels 
-glomerular sclerosis already, pressure in glomerulus increases
21
Q

Indirect hernia

A
  • lateral and inferior epigastric vessels
  • deep inguinal canal
  • superficial ring
22
Q

Direct hernia

A

Through muscle

23
Q

Femoral hernia

A
  • femoral triangle
  • NAVEL
    • sheath NAV
    • EL femoral, can take this route to exit body
24
Q

Anterior visceral branches of aorta

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

25
Q

What are the lateral visceral branches of the aorta

A
  • suprarenal artery
  • renal artery
  • gonadal artery
26
Q

What are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the aorta?

A
  • inferior phrenic artery

- 4 lumbar arteries

27
Q

What are the terminal branches of the aorta

A

The two common iliac arteries and the median sacral artery

28
Q

Perirenal space

A

Directly around kidney

29
Q

Anterior pararenal space

A

Area in front of the kidneys

30
Q

Posterior para renal space

A

Space behind the kidneys

31
Q

What filters into the BOwman’s capsule

A

Everything filters out of blood here (except blood components)

32
Q

What is the tissue that lines the parietal layer of the Bowmans capsule

A

Simple squamous

33
Q

What filters through the renal corpuscle

A

Water, metabolic waste, ions, small molecules

34
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules

A
  • simple cuboidal epithelium with abundant long microvilli

- transports ions and re absorbing water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and vitamins from filtrate

35
Q

Loop of Henle

A
  • descending limb is permeable to water, chlorine, and sodium salts. Reabsorbed salts and water and reduce volume of filtrate
  • ascending limb is impermeable to water and it actively pumps chlorine and sodium ions from the tubes back into the medullary interstitium
36
Q

Distal convoluted tubules

A
  • simple cuboidal no microvilli
  • macula densa
  • remove Na+ and add K+
  • reabsorbed bicarbonate ions and secrete ammonium
  • acid-base
  • water balance
37
Q

What does suprarenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

38
Q

What does suprarenal cortex secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids

39
Q

Type I DM

A

Body does not produce insulin

Anatomy BLOCK 2 (10 decks)

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