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Anatomy BLOCK 2 > retroperitoneal space and structures > Flashcards

retroperitoneal space and structures Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds the parietal peritoneum

A

transveralis fascia and then extraperitoneal fat

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2
Q

What is the retroperitoneal space?

A

space between the posterior abdominal wall and the parietal peritoneum of the abdomen

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3
Q

What is the floor of the posterior space of the retroperitoneal space formed from?

A

the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscels and the origin of the transversus abdominis muscle.

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4
Q

what forms the bed for the suprarenal glands, the kidneys, the ascending and descending parts of the colon and the duodenum?

A

a fatty connective tissue

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5
Q

What else is contained in the retroperitoneal space?

A

ureters and the renal and gonadal blood vessels

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6
Q

retroperitoneum

A

part of the abdominal cavity that lies between the posterior parietal peritoneum and anterior to the transversals fascia

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7
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the retroperitoneum?

A
  1. anterior para-renal space
  2. peri-renal space
  3. posterior para-renal space

para-adjacent to
peri-around

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8
Q

structures of the retroperitoneal space

A

S-suprarenal glands
A-abdominal aorta and IVC
D-duodenum (2-4 parts)

P-pancreas (except tail)
U-ureters
C-Colon (ascending and descending)
K-kidneys
E-esophagus
R-rectum
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9
Q

suprarenal glands

A

2 yellowish organs that lie on the upper poles of the kidneys on the posterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

Which great vessel favors the left?

A

Aorta

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11
Q

which great vessel favors the right?

A

vena cava

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12
Q

which great vessel has the long path as the descend into the abdomen?

A

vena cava

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13
Q

How to the great vessel lie after passing through the diaphragm?

A

directly anterior to the vertebral column and beside each other

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14
Q

what part of the duodenum is the retroperitoneal part?

A

the part that curves backwards

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15
Q

where is the pancreas situated?

A

behind the stomach and extends from the duodenum to the spleen. the duodenum bends around the head of the pancreas.

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16
Q

Ureter

A

kidney gives rise to this. runs vertically downward on top of the posts muscle

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17
Q

ascending colon

A

extends upward from the cecum to the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver, occupying the right lower and upper quadrants

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18
Q

descending colon

A

extends from the left colic flexure to the pelvis below. it occupies the upper and lower qudrants

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19
Q

kidney

A

situated up high on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column

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20
Q

which kidney is lightly higher?

A

left, because the left lobe of the liver is smaller than the right

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21
Q

esophagus

A

pierces the diaphragm slightly to the left of the midline and after a very short course it enters the stomach on the right side. Deeply placed, lying behind the left lobe of the liver
-only about 1/2” is retro!

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22
Q

rectum

A
  • occupies the posterior part of the pelvic cavity
  • continuous above with the sigmoid colon and descends in from go the sacrum to leave the pelvis by piercing the pelvic floor, here it becomes continuous with the anal canal in the perineum
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23
Q

diaphragm

A

posterior reflection forms the most superior part of the posterior abdominal wall and ceiling of the retroperitoneal space

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24
Q

diaphragm blood supply

A
  1. from branches of the internal thoracic arteries
    - pericardiophrenic artery
    - musculophrenic artery
  2. from the superior phrenic arteries
    - arise from the thoracic artery
  3. from the lower internal intercostal arteries
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25
Q

diaphragm nerve supply

A

phrenic nerve from C3-5

  • passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.
  • important for breathing, as it passes motor info to the diaphragm and receives sensory info from it
26
Q

caval opening

A

opening in the disphragm for the vena cava

27
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus

28
Q

aortic hiatus

A

opening for the descending aorta in the diaphragm

29
Q

gaps for the psoas major

A
  • 2

- insertion for the psoas major muscle in the diaphragm

30
Q

Blood supply: Aorta

A

runs from the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and divides to become the right and left common iliac arteries

31
Q

at what level does the aorta bifurcate into the left and right iliac arteries?

A

4th lumbar vertebrae

32
Q

Iliac bifurcation

A

into internal and external iliac

-near sacroiliac joint

33
Q

Where does the ureter cross?

A

anteriorly to common iliac just before the bifurcation

34
Q

where does the external iliac pass under?

A

inguinal canal upon entering the leg and right after bifurcation of internal and external iliac

35
Q

what are the anterior visceral branches of the aorta?

A
  • celiac artery
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • inferior mesenteric artery
36
Q

what are the lateral visceral branches of the aorta?

A
  • suprarenal artery
  • renal artery
  • gonadal artery
37
Q

what are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the aorta?

A
  • inferior phrenic artery
  • 4 lumbar arteries

don’t lead to organs

38
Q

what are the terminal branches of the aorta?

A
  • two common iliac arteries

- median sacral artery

39
Q

inferior vena cava

A

conveys most of the blood from the body below the diaphragm to the tight atrium of the heart

  • formed by the union of the common iliac veins behind the right common iliac artery at the 5th lumbar vertebrae
  • ascends on the right side of the aorta pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at 8th thoracic vertebra, drains into the RA of heart
40
Q

Which arteries come from the IVC that do not have a corresponding artery from the aorta

A

the two anterior visceral tributaries-the hepatic veins

41
Q

what are the anterior visceral tributary of the IVC?

A

2 hepatic veins

42
Q

what are the lateral visceral tributaries of the IVC

A

-3
-right suprarenal vein (the left vein drains into the left renal vein)
-renal veins
right gonadal (left drains into the left renal vein

43
Q

what are the lateral abdominal wall tributaries of the IVC?

A
  • 5
  • inferior phrenic vein
  • 4 lumbar veins
44
Q

what are the veins of origin of the IVC?

A
  • 3
  • two common iliac veins
  • median sacral vein
45
Q

lymphatics of deep abdomen

A
  • above diaphragm, drain in the form of the thoracic duct

- below the diaphragm, changes morphology to become Cisterna Chyli

46
Q

lumbar plexus

A
  • one of the main nervous pathways supplying the lower limb

- formed in the psoas muscle from the anterior rami of the upper four lumbar (spinal) nerves

47
Q

what are the 4 main nerves of the lumbar plexus? (superior to inferior)

A
  1. iliohypogastric nerve
  2. ilioinguinal nerve
  3. lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  4. femoral nerve
48
Q

lumbar plexus composition

A

-anterior rami receive gray rami (postganglionic) communicates from the symp trunk, and the upper two give off white rami communicates to the sympathetic trunk. the branches of the plexus emerge from the lateral and medial borders of the psoas muscle and from its anterior surface

49
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk?

50
Q

iliohypogastric nerve

A
  • lumbar plexus

- supplies the skin of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

51
Q

ilioinguinal nerve

A
  • lumbae plexus

- passes through the inguinal canal to supply the skin of the groin and the scrotum or labium majus

52
Q

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A
  • lumbar plexus

- supplies the skin over the lateral surface of the thigh

53
Q

femoral nerve

A
  • lumbar plexus
  • L2,3,4
  • largest branch
  • downward and laterally between the psoas and the iliac muscles
  • lateral to the femoral vessels
  • supplies the iliac muscle
54
Q

obturator nerve

A
  • branch of lumbar plexus

- innervates inner thigh muscles

55
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A
  • branch of lumbar plexus
  • genital branch innervates the cremaster muscle of the spermatic cord
  • femoral branch innervates a small area of skin of the inner thigh
56
Q

right sympathetic trunk

A

lies behind the right border of the IVC

57
Q

left sympathetic trunk

A

lie close to the left border of the aorta

58
Q

what pathway is most likely below L2?

A

4th pathway

59
Q

branches of the sympathetic trunk

A
  • white rami C. join the first to ganglia to the first two lumbar spinal nerves
  • white rams contains preganglionig nerve fibers and afferent sensory nerve fibers
  • gray rami C. join each ganglion to corresponding lumbar spinal nerve
  • gray ramus contains symp trunk postganglionic nerve fibers
  • postganglionic nerve fibers are distributed through the branches of the spinal nerves to the blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrestor pili muscles of the skin
  • fibers pass medially to the symp plexuses on ab aorta and its branches
  • fibers pass downward and medially in front of the common iliac vessels in to the pelvic, where together with branches from symp nerves in front pf the aorta, they form a large bundle fibers called the superior hypogastric plexus
60
Q

aortic plexuses

A
  • preganglionic and postanglionic fibers, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, and visceral afferent fibers from a plexus of nerves
  • around the abdominal aorta
61
Q

What are the aortic plexuses?

A
  • celiac plexus
  • renal plexus
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • inferior mesenteric plexus

superior to inferior

Anatomy BLOCK 2 (10 decks)

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