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Anatomy BLOCK 2 > small intestine, pancreas, large intestine and mesenteric arteries > Flashcards

small intestine, pancreas, large intestine and mesenteric arteries Flashcards

1
Q

1st part of the duodenum

A
  • mucosa is smooth

- also referred to bulb, ampulla, cap

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2
Q

2nd-4th part of the duodenum

A

-mucosa and submucosa form numerous folds

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3
Q

circular folds

A
  • mucosa and submucosa form these in the 2nd-4th parts of the duodenum
  • spiral chyme onward for continuous break up and mixing
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4
Q

major duodenal papilla

A
  • near head of pancreas
  • contains opening to hepatopancreatic ampulla
  • longitudinal fold right below this in the dudoenum
  • has a hood over it.
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5
Q

minor duodenal papilla

A
  • superior to major duodenal papilla

- contains opening of accessory pancreatic duct

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6
Q

What keeps the jejunum and Ileum attached to the abdominal wall?

A

the mesenteric root of the mesentery of the small intestine, posteriorly

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7
Q

Arcades of mesentery in Jejunum

A

1-2 loops

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8
Q

Arcades of mesentery in the Ileum

A

3+ loops

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9
Q

Arcades of mesentery

A

Where ileo/jejunal branches anastomes

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10
Q

Vasa Recta of mesentery

A

straight arteries that come off arcades

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11
Q

Vasa recta of jejunum

A

Long

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12
Q

Vasa recta of Ileum

A

short

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13
Q

circular folds of ileum

A

few and small

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14
Q

circular fold of jejunem

A

large and many

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15
Q

Histology of duodenum

A

Brunner’s glands of the submucosa

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16
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

in the submucoas of duodenum, secret mucus

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17
Q

Histology of Ileum

A

Peyer’s pathes of the Mucosa (lamina Propria) and submucosa

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18
Q

Peter’s Patches

A

In the lamina propria of the mucosa and submucosa in the ileum
lymphatic nodules

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19
Q

Histology of Jejunum

A

nothing special

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20
Q

Pancreatic cells

A

99% exocrine

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21
Q

Acini

A

clusters of exocrine cells in pancreas that produces digestive enzymes which flow into the GI tract though a network of ducts

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22
Q

What do cells that are associated with acinar cells priduce?

A

sodium bicarbonate which makes the fluid alkaline

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23
Q

pancreatic juices

A

the collective secretions from the exocrine cells

-will digest carbs, proteins, and fats

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24
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

-exits pancreas and merges with the common bile duct

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25
Q

common bile duct

A

from the liver and gallbladder

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26
Q

hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

the combined common bile duct and main pancreatic duct that enters the duodenum (visibile as the major duodenal papilla)

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27
Q

accessory pancreatic duct

A

-smaller, second duct exits the pancreas to empty into the duodenum

28
Q

Where does the accessory pancreatic duct empty into in the duodenum?

A

minor dudodenal papilla

29
Q

Path of Bile flow from the liver into the duodenum

A

R/L hepatic ducts—common hepatic duct (joined by cystic duct)—-common bile duct (joins main pancreatic duct)—-hepatopancreatic ampulla (delivery route of bile into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla)

30
Q

identifying external features of the large intestine

A
  • Teniae Coli
  • Omental appendices (epiploic appendices)
  • Haustra
31
Q

Teniae Coli

A

ligament-type things that are running along the length of the large intestine. they are shorter than the actual large intestine causing it to “scrunch” up and form haustra

32
Q

omental appendices (epiploic appendices)

A

unique to large intestine

-NOT in rectum

33
Q

Haustra

A
  • Large intestine

- Pouches

34
Q

internal features of Large intestine

A
  • Ileal orifice
  • superior and inferior lips
  • orifice of the appendix
35
Q

Ileal orifice

A
  • internal feature of LI
  • keeps the ileum from releasing too much into cecum all at once
  • located on medial wall
36
Q

superior and inferior lips of the ileal orifice

A
  • LI

- form the ileocecal valve POSTMORTEM

37
Q

Ileal papilla

A
  • LI

- form the ileocecal valve IN VIVO

38
Q

orifice of the appendix

A
  • LI

- located inferior to the ileal orifice

39
Q

Large intestine histology

A
  • goblet cells abundant in the mucosa

- allows for easier movement of fecal matter in large intestine

40
Q

Appendix

A

-contains large groupings of lymphatic nodules (similar to Peyer’s patches) that are located in the lamina propria and A LITTLE in the submucosa

41
Q

Appendicitis onset

A

-mild pain near umbilicus

42
Q

Why is there mild pain near umbilicus with onset of appendicitis?

A

sensory fibers of appendix goes to umbilical region at first

43
Q

appendicitis a couple hours in

A

pain/tenderness to touch is located in RLQ over McBurney’s point
-normal to experience nausea and vomitting

44
Q

McBurney’s point

A

Draw imaginary line from umbilicus to iliac crest and at about the lateral 3rd of that line is where the appendix USUALLY sits, it can vary greatly

45
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A
  • L1

- unpaired branch from abdominal aorta

46
Q

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  • head of pancreas
  • distal part of duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • ascending colon
  • proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
47
Q

Branches of the superior mesenteric artery

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Middle Colic artery
  • right colic artery
  • ileocecal artery
  • intestinal /jejunal and ileal arteries
48
Q

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A
  • 1st branch from the superior mesenteric artery
  • smallest

SUPPLIES

  • lower part of head of pancreas
  • distal half of duodenum
49
Q

Middle colic artery

A

-branch from superior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES
-proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

50
Q

Right colic artery

A

-branch from superior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES

  • ascending colon
  • beginning of transverse colon
51
Q

Ileocolic artery

A

-branch from the superior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES

  • terminal ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • begging of ascending colon
52
Q

Intestinal/Jejunal and Ileal arteries

A
  • branch from the superior mesenteric artery

- form arterial arcades which give rise to straight arteries that supply intetinal wall (12-15 off to the left)

53
Q

Inferior mesenteric

A
  • unpaired branch of abdonimal aorta at L3

- supplies distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper half of anal canal

54
Q

branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • left colic artery
  • sigmoid arteries
  • superior rectal artery
55
Q

Left colic artery

A

-branch from inferior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES

  • distal 1/3 of transverse colon
  • descending colon
56
Q

Sigmoid arteries

A

-branch from the inferior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES
-sigmoid colon

57
Q

Superior rectal artery

A

-branch from the inferior mesenteric artery

SUPPLIES

  • rectum
  • upper half of anal canal
58
Q

sympathetic innervation of abdominal part of GI tract and accessory organs

A
  • preganglionic fibers origiante in lower thoracic and upper lumabr spinal cord segments
  • leave spinal cord in corresponding spinal nerves
  • white communicating rami
  • pass THROUGH symp trunk (don’t synapse)
  • leave in splanchnic nerves (greater,lesser,least)
  • terminate in prevertebral ganglia (associated with abdominal aorta) where they synapse with postganglionic neurons
59
Q

celiac ganglion

A
  • prevertebral ganglion (infant of vertebral column)
  • supplies postganglionic fibers to:
    • somtach
    • upper duodenum
    • pancreas
    • liver
    • gallbladder
    • spleen
60
Q

superior mesenteric ganglion (structures supplied by mesenteric artery)

A
  • prevertebral ganglion
  • supplies postganaglionic symp fibers to:
    • lower duodenum
    • jejunum
    • ileum
    • cecum
    • appendix
    • ascending colon
    • proximal 2/3 transverse colon
61
Q

inferior mesenteric ganglion (structures supplied by inferior mesenteric artery)

A
  • prevertebral ganglion
  • supplies postganglionic symp fibers to:
    • distal 1/3 transverse colon
    • descending colon
    • sigmoid colon
    • rectum
    • upper anal canal

*same as artery

62
Q

symp innervation of ab/GI

A
  • postganglionic fibers originate from prevertebral ganglia
  • form plexuses around corresponding arteries and their branches to reach target organs (innervate same organs arteries supply)
63
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of Ab/GI

A
  • Vagus nerve and pelvic splanchnic carry pre/postganglionic fibers
  • vagus enters abdomen as the anterior and posterior vagal trunks
  • vagal branches join celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus
  • target organs are reached via these plexuses
  • synapse with postganglionic neurons in walls of target organs
  • distributed along with branches of the abdominal aorta
64
Q

what carries preganglionic parasymp fibers?

A

vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves

65
Q

Where does the vagus nerve vary preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from?

A

spinal cord segments S2-S4

66
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasymp fibers enter from the vagus nerve?

A

inferior hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus

-target organs are reached via these plexuses

67
Q

Where preganglionic parasymp fibers synapse once they go to the inferior hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus?

A

synapse with postganglionic fibers in walls of target organs

-distributed along with branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Anatomy BLOCK 2 (10 decks)

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