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Thanatochemistry vocab Flashcards

1
Q

accessory chemicals

A

any chemical used in the preparation of human remains that is not injected into the arterial system or cavities

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2
Q

acids

A

substances that yield hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

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3
Q

adipocere (grave wax)

A

a wax like material produced by saponification of body fat

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4
Q

alcohols

A

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups

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5
Q

aldehyde

A

an organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups

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6
Q

amides

A

derivatives of carboxylic acids in which a hydroxyl group is substituted with an amine or ammonia having the general formula of R-COHN-R

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7
Q

amines

A

an organic compound containing nitrogen with the general formula of R-NH2

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8
Q

amino acid

A

the building blocks of proteins that contain amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group

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9
Q

amphoterism

A

any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in an aqueous solution

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10
Q

anticoagulants

A

chemical agents that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous

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11
Q

arterial fluid

A

concentrated preservative chemicals used primarily for arterial embalming

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12
Q

arterial solution

A

a mixture of arterial fluid and water used for arterial injection with the possible inclusions of supplemental fluids

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13
Q

atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that has all properties of the element

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14
Q

autolysis

A

self digestion or self destruction of the body by enzymes

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15
Q

bases

A

substances that yield hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

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16
Q

biochemistry

A

that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms

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17
Q

boiling

A

conversion of a liquid into a vapor state through the action of heat

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18
Q

bond

A

an attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or crystal

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19
Q

buffers

A

substances capable of maintaining a constant pH by. neutralizing both acids and bases

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20
Q

carbohydrates

A

a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol

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21
Q

carboxylic acid (aka phenol)

A

an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)

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22
Q

cavity fluid

A

concentrated preservative chemicals used in cavity embalming

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23
Q

chemical change

A

a change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance

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24
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics of a substance observed during or after a chemical reaction

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25
Q

chemistry

A

the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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26
Q

coagulation

A

the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by physical or chemical means

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27
Q

colloid

A

a solute that can pass through filters but not membranes

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28
Q

combustion

A

rapid oxidation that produces heat and light

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29
Q

compound

A

a substance consisting of 2 or more elements combined chemically in definite proportions by mass

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30
Q

concentrated solution

A

a solution containing a relatively large amount of solute

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31
Q

concentration

A

the ratio of a solute to the solution or solvent

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32
Q

condensation

A

a change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid

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33
Q

covalent

A

a chemical bond formed between 2 atoms by the sharing of electrons

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34
Q

crystalloid

A

a solute that can pass through a membrane

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35
Q

decay

A

the gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria

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36
Q

dehydration

A

the removal of water from a substance

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37
Q

denaturation

A

the disruption and breakdown of a protein by heat or chemicals

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38
Q

desiccation

A

a complete or nearly complete deprivation of moisture

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39
Q

dialdehyde

A

an organic compound containing 2 aldehydes (-CHO) groups

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40
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until the uniform concentration is reached

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41
Q

dilute solution

A

a solution containing a relatively small amount of solute

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42
Q

disinfectant

A

an agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate/surface objects to kill most disease causing microbial agents, excluding bacterial spores

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43
Q

dye

A

natural or synthetic compounds that are used to impart color to another material

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44
Q

elements

A

simple substances which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means

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45
Q

embalming chemistry

A

the study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection, preservation, and restoration of human remains

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46
Q

enzyme

A

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst

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47
Q

ester

A

an organic compound with the general formula RCOOR

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48
Q

fats

A

a combination of saturated fatty acids and glycerol that is semisolid at room temperature

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49
Q

fermentation

A

the microbial decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions

50
Q

formalin

A

formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume

51
Q

formula

A

a symbolic expression of the chemical composition or constitution of a substance

52
Q

freezing

A

a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat

53
Q

gases

A

a state of matter that has no definite shape or volume

54
Q

the hardness of water

A

the condition of water that results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions

55
Q

humectants

A

chemicals that increase the capability of tissues to retain moisture

56
Q

hydrate

A

a compound in which there is a union between water and certain substances when they crystallize

57
Q

hydrolysis

A

a chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water

58
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a non chemical bond that creates surface tension

59
Q

hypertonic solution

A

a solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

60
Q

hypotonic solution

A

a solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

61
Q

imbibition

A

the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

62
Q

index

A

the strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution

63
Q

inorganic chemistry

A

that branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon containing compounds

64
Q

ion

A

an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge

65
Q

ionic

A

a chemical bond formed between oppositely charged atoms

66
Q

isotonic solution

A

a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared

67
Q

ketone

A

a class of organic compounds with the general formula R(CO)R formed by the oxidation of a secondary alcohol

68
Q

liquid

A

a state of matter having a definite volume but no definite shape

69
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

70
Q

melting

A

a change of state of matter from a solid to a liquid by the addition of heat

71
Q

metal

A

an element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat

72
Q

mixture

A

a combination of 2 or more substances not chemically united and that exist in no fixed proportion to each other

73
Q

minimum lethal dose (MLD)

A

the smallest dose of a poison that produces death

74
Q

modifying agent

A

chemicals incorporated into commercial preservative fluids to meet the varying demands of embalming procedures

75
Q

molecule

A

a group of 2 or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

76
Q

neutralization

A

the reaction of an acid and a base to produce salt and water

77
Q

nonmetal

A

any element that is generally dull in appearance, has a low density, has a low melting point, and is not a good conductor of heat or electricity

78
Q

oils

A

a combination of unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol that is a liquid at room temperature

79
Q

organic chemistry

A

that branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds

80
Q

osmosis

A

the passage of a solvent from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration through a semi permeable membrane

81
Q

oxide

A

a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only 1 other element

82
Q

parts per million (PPM)

A

a method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to milligrams per liter

83
Q

peptide bond

A

a bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl group on another amino acid

84
Q

periodic table

A

a tabular arrangement of the elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties

85
Q

pH

A

the measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

86
Q

physical change

A

a change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition

87
Q

physical properties

A

characteristics of a substance that are observed or measured without a change in chemical composition

88
Q

poison

A

a substance capable of causing illness or death to an organism

89
Q

polymerization

A

a chemical reaction in which 2 or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units

90
Q

pre injection / capillary wash

A

the introduction of a non preservative solution to prepare the vascular system before the injection of the preservative solution

91
Q

pre injection fluid

A

fluids designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute more effectively

92
Q

preservative

A

substances used to inhibit protein decomposition and inactivate enzymes

93
Q

preservative demand

A

the amount of preservative necessary to properly embalm human remains

94
Q

protein

A

a biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids

96
Q

perfuming agent (masking agent)

A

chemicals having the capability of altering an unpleasant odor

96
Q

putrefaction

A

the decomposition of proteins by the enzymatic activity of anaerobic bacteria

97
Q

quaternary ammonium compound

A

surface disinfectants that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments

98
Q

saponification

A

the hydrolysis of a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and a salt of a fatty acid

98
Q

salt

A

any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water

99
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution containing the maximum amount of solute a solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure

100
Q

solid

A

a state of matter having a definite shape and volume

101
Q

solubility

A

the measure of how well a solute mixes with a solvent

102
Q

solute

A

a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

103
Q

solution

A

a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent

104
Q

solvent

A

a substance that dissolves a solute in a solution

105
Q

states of matter

A

a physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)

106
Q

sublimation

A

a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

107
Q

supplemental fluid

A

fluids injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection that will enhance the actions of the arterial solution

108
Q

substrate

A

the material upon which an enzyme acts

109
Q

surface tension

A

the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid forming a membrane like layer

110
Q

surfactants (surface tension reducer / wetting agent / penetrating agent)

A

chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through small openings

111
Q

suspension

A

a solute that will not pass through filters or membranes

112
Q

thanatochemistry

A

the study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death

113
Q

thiol (mercaptan)

A

an organic compound containing the group -SH

114
Q

toxin

A

a poisonous substance that is organic in nature

115
Q

unsaturated solution

A

a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute a solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure

116
Q

urotropin

A

the neutralization product of formaldehyde and ammonia

117
Q

vehicle

A

liquids that serve as solvents for the components of embalming fluids and solutions

118
Q

viscosity

A

the measure of resistance to the flow of a liquid

119
Q

wax

A

a type of liquid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols

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