Pathology vocab Flashcards
1
Q
abscess
A
localized accumulation of pus
2
Q
acquired
A
a disease, condition or abnormality that is not hereditary or innate (present at birth)
3
Q
acromegaly
A
hyperfunction of the pituitary gland after ossification has been completed
4
Q
acute
A
a disease with a rapid onset and short duration
5
Q
allergy
A
a hypersensitive immune response to a foreign substance
6
Q
amelia
A
congenital absence of one or more limbs
7
Q
anaplasia
A
condition of neoplastic cells indicating their loss of differentiation or their reversion to more primitive forms
8
Q
anasarca
A
generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue
9
Q
anemia
A
a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both
10
Q
aneurysm
A
a localized dilation of a blood vessel
11
Q
aplasia
A
failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally
12
Q
arteriosclerosis
A
disease of the arteries resulting in a thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
13
Q
ascites
A
accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
14
Q
atherosclerosis
A
a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls
15
Q
atrophy
A
a wasting decrease in the size of an organ or tissue
16
Q
autopsy / postmortem examination
A
a postmortem exam of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological condition
17
Q
cachexia
A
a general state of ill health associated with emaciation
18
Q
carbuncle
A
several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissues (multiple furuncles)
19
Q
carcinoma
A
malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin
20
Q
chronic
A
a disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration
21
Q
cleft palate
A
congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline
22
Q
communicable
A
a disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
23
Q
complication
A
an unfavorable condition arising during the course of the disease
24
Q
concussion
A
the immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function as a result of brain trauma
25
congenital
present at birth
26
congestion
accumulation of an excess of blood or tissue fluid in a body part
27
contusion
a bruise, often accompanied by swelling
28
cretinism
a congenital condition due to hypothyroidism resulting in developmental disabilities
29
cryptorchism / cryptorchidism
failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum
30
cyanosis
blueish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes (lips) due to lack of oxygen
31
cryobiology
science that treats the effects of low temperatures on biological systems
32
cyst
a closed sac or pouch with a definite wall that contains fluid, semi fluid, or solid material
33
deficiency
a condition due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance
34
definitive
final; ending
35
degeneration
the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury
36
dehydration
loss of moisture from body tissue
37
diagnosis
the term denoting the name of the disease or syndrome; to recognize the nature of a disease
38
dilatation / dilation
the condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of the disease
39
dry gangrene / ischemic necrosis
necrotic tissue due to reproduction in the arterial blood supply due to the body part that remains aseptic
40
dysplasia
abnormal development of tissue
41
ecchymosis
superficial bleeding under the skin or mucous membrane; a bruise
42
ectopic pregnancy
the implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterus
43
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities
44
emaciation
excessive wasting away of the body
45
embolism
a sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris
46
emphysema
over distension of pulmonary air sacs with air; the presence of air in tissues
47
empyema
a collection of pus in the body cavity, especially in the pleural space
48
endemic
a disease that is continuously present in a given population
49
epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of disease and wellness in populations and the use of this data to enhance public health
50
epilepsy
a chronic neurological disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and frequently by convulsions
51
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
52
erythrocytosis / polycythemia vera
an increase in the number of red blood cells
53
etiology
the study of the cause of a disease
54
exogenous
originates outside a cell, organ, or organism
55
exsanguination
loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
56
exudate
any fluid released by the body with a high concentration of proteins, cells, or solid debris
57
febrile
pertaining to or characterized by fever
58
fulminating
having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
59
furuncle
an abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle
60
gangrene
ischemic necrosis plus putrefaction
61
gas gangrene
necrosis of tissue by clostridium perfringens
62
general pathology
deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease, such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, cellular death, repair, etc, without reference to particular organs or organ systems
63
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
64
gross pathology
study of changes in the structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of the disease
65
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
66
hematoma
tumor like swelling of blood
67
hematuria
discharge of red blood cells in the urine
68
hemophilia
a hereditary bleeding disorder marked by a deficiency of blood clotting proteins
69
hemoptysis
blood in the sputum
70
hemorrhage
escape of blood from the blood vascular systemher
71
hereditary
genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring
72
hernia
abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains it
73
hydrocele
abnormal collection of fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body, especially tunica vaginalis (balls)
74
hydrocephalus
excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
75
hydronephrosis
distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction
76
hydropericardium
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
77
hydrothorax
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
78
hyperemia
excess of blood in an area of the body
79
hyperplasia
the increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
80
hypertrophy
the enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in the size of cells composing it
81
hypoplasia
underdevelopment of tissue, organ, or the body
82
iatrogenic
any injury or illness that occurs as a result of medical care
83
idiopathic
of unknown cause (ex. essential hypertension)
84
infarction
the death of tissue due to lack of blood supply
85
infection
a disease caused by microorganisms, especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues
86
infestation
the presence in or on the body of macroscopic organisms
87
infiltration
the passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organs
88
inflammation
a tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function
89
intoxication
state of being intoxicated, especially of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance
90
ischemia
reduction in arterial blood supply
91
jaundice
yellowish discoloration of the tissue due to the presence of bilirubin in the blood. microorganisms can be considered the cause of a certain disease
92
lesion
a circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue; an injury or a wound
93
leukemia
a malignancy of the hematopoietic tissue characterized by a massive increase in the number of white blood cells present in the body
94
leukocytosis
an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
95
leukopenia
abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
96
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph node
97
lymphedema
an abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial space due to lymphatic disturbances
98
lymphoma
malignancy of lymphoid tissue
99
malformation / anomaly
a defect of deformity
100
medicolegal / forensic pathology
study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death
101
melena
blood in stool
102
metaplasia
conversion of one kind of tissue into a form that is not normal for that tissue
103
metastasis
the transfer of a disease from its primary site to a distant location
104
histopathology / microscopic pathology
study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of the disease
105
moist / wet gangrene
necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
106
morbidity rate
the number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the population in which they occur
107
mortality rate
the number of deaths in a given time or place or population of death to the population
108
necrosis
pathological death of cells, tissues, and organs while still a part of the living tissue
109
neoplasm / tumor
the abnormal excessive, and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
110
nosocomial
infections acquired in a healthcare setting
111
nosology
science of classification of disease
112
nuclear medicine
use of radioisotopes in medicine
113
occupational disease
a disease with an abnormally high rate of occurrence in members of the workplace
114
osteomalacia
an abnormal softening of the bones in adults
115
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
116
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
117
pandemic disease
epidemic widespread, even to a worldwide extent
118
pathological anatomy
study of structural change in the body caused by disease
119
pathology
the science that deals with the study of disease
120
pathogenesis
the origin and development of a disease
121
petechia
antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
122
phocomelia
congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent
123
physiological pathology
study of changes in body functions due to disease
124
pigmentation
normal and pathological coloration of skin or tissues
125
pneumoconiosis
general term used to denote any prolonged inhalation of mineral dust
126
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs due to an infection
127
pneumonitis
inflammation of supporting framework of the lung
128
poliomyelitis
an inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord as a result of a viral infection
129
polyp / polypus
a growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
130
prevalence
number of cases of disease present in a specified population at a given time
131
prognosis
prediction of the outcome of the disease
132
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
133
purpura
a condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
134
pus
fluid product of inflammation, consisting of leukocytes, bacteria, dead tissue cells, foreign elements, and fluid from the blood
135
pustule
a small elevation of the skin containing pus
136
putrefaction
decomposition of proteins
137
recurrent
reappearance of symptoms after a period fo remission
138
regneration
the replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type
139
regurgitation
backward flowing
140
remission
a cessation of symptoms of the disease
141
repair
the replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connecting tissue
142
resolution
the termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state (hemostasis)
143
rickets
a disease of infants and young children caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, resulting in defective bone growth
144
sarcoma
malignant neoplasm of non epithelial origin
145
signs
objective disturbances produced by disease; observed by physician, nurse, or person attending patient (ex. pulse, fever, heart rate)
146
special pathology
deals with the specific features of a disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems
147
spina bifida
congenital defect in which a part of the vertebral column is absent or incomplete closure
148
stenosis
abnormal constriction of a pathway or orifice
149
symptoms
subjective indication of the presence of disease
150
syndrome
set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease
151
teratoma
a congenital tumor formed by various types of tissues
152
thrombocytopenia
an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
153
thrombosis
the formation or presence of an attached blood clot
154
ulcer
an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
155
uremia
a toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
156
valvular insufficiency / incompetence
failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood
157
vesicle
blister like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
