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MSFS Internship > Restorative Art vocab > Flashcards

Restorative Art vocab Flashcards

1
Q

abrasion

A

antemortem and/or postmortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis

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2
Q

abscess

A

a localized accumulation of pus

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3
Q

absorption

A

the process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color

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4
Q

abut

A

to bluntly adjoin another structure; ex. eye closure

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5
Q

acetone

A

dimethyl ketone; a colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs; a solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover

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6
Q

achromatic color

A

a color not found in the visible spectrum; a neutral color such as white, black, gray, and silver and gold

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7
Q

acquired facial markings

A

facial markings that develop during one’s lifetime, primarily as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles

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8
Q

additive method

A

a process of mixing colored lights on a surface on which the wave lengths of each are combined; adding 2 or more colored lights together to create another color of light

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9
Q

adhesive

A

sticking to or adhering closely; substances which may be applied in order to sustain contact of 2 surfaces

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10
Q

aerosol

A

a colloidal solution dispensed as a mist

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11
Q

after image

A

psychological; a visual impression remaining after the stimulus has been removed

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12
Q

airbrush

A

a pressured atomizer utilized for spraying liquid paint or cosmetic upon a surface

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13
Q

alveolar processes

A

a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth

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14
Q

alveolar prognathism

A

an abnormal protrusion of the alveolar process

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15
Q

analogous

A

in color harmony, 2 or more hues which have the same hue in common

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16
Q

angle of the mandible

A

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks widest part of the lower 1/3 of face

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17
Q

angulusoris eminence / angulus oris eminence

A

the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking

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18
Q

angulusoris sulcus / angulus oris sulcus

A

the groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking

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19
Q

anterior

A

before or in front of; an anatomical term of position and direction which denotes the front or forward part

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20
Q

anterior nares

A

the external openings of the nostrils

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21
Q

antihelix

A

the inner rim of the ear

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22
Q

antitragus

A

a small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus on the superior border of the lobe of the ear

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23
Q

aquiline

A

curved, as the beak of an eagle; as viewed from the profile, a nasal profile which exhibits a hook or convexity in its dorsum

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24
Q

arch of the wing

A

the inferior margin of the nasal wing which forms a distinct concave arc superiorly

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25
Q

armature

A

framework; a material, commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration

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26
Q

aspiration

A

to draw out liquids or gases by means of suction

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27
Q

asymmetry

A

lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion

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28
Q

base

A

1 - in cosmetology, the vehicle in a cosmetic (oil base); the initial application of cream or cosmetic
2 - the lower part of anything, the supporting part

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29
Q

basic pigment

A

4 hues which correspond to the pigments of the skin

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30
Q

basket weave suture

A

a network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position

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31
Q

bilateral

A

2 sides

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32
Q

bilateral differences

A

dissimilarities existing in the 2 sides or halves of an object

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33
Q

bilateral view

A

an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the 2 sides or halves of an object or facial feature

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34
Q

blanch

A

to whiten by removing color; to make pale

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35
Q

bleaching

A

the act of lightening a discoloration by hypodermic means or by surface compresses

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36
Q

bleaching agent

A

a chemical which lightens or blanches skin discolorations

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37
Q

body of the mandible

A

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

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38
Q

bridge

A

a raised support; the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones; a structure or span connecting 2 parts of a mutilated bone

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39
Q

bridge stitch

A

(interrupted suture) a temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitches employed to sustain the proper position of tissues

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40
Q

brilliance

A

brightness; in colored illumination, the quantity of illumination passing through a color transparency

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41
Q

buccal cavity

A

the space between the lips and the gums and the teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity

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42
Q

buccal depressions

A

natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones

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43
Q

buccinator

A

the principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth

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44
Q

bucco-facial sulcus

A

the vertical furrow of the cheek; an acquired facial marking

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45
Q

burn

A

to oxidize or to cause to be oxidized by fire or equivalent means; a tissue reaction or injury resulting from the application of heat, extreme cold, caustic material, radiation, friction, or electricity

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46
Q

first degree burn

A

usually limited to redness (erythema), a white plaque, and minor pain at the site of the injury. these burns only involve the epidermis. sunburns can be included as this

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47
Q

second degree burn

A

manifest as erythema with superficial blistering of the skin. involve the superficial (papillary) dermis and may also involved the deep (reticular) dermis layer

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48
Q

third degree burn

A

occur when the epidermis is lost with damage to the subcutaneous tissue; these burns will result in scarring and may require grafting

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49
Q

fourth degree burn

A

damage to muscle, tendon, and ligament tissue, thus resulting in charring and catastrophic damage of the hypodermis, leaving exposed bone tissue. often resulting in death

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50
Q

fifth degree burn

A

total incineration. the gross incineration of the human remains, that are non viewable and need to be treated in such a manner to prevent burnt odors from emanating

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51
Q

carmine

A

purple red in coloration (aka crimson)

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52
Q

carotene

A

the yellow pigment of the skin

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53
Q

cartilage

A

a specialized type of dense connective tissue; attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures, such as the nasal septum and the framework of the ear

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54
Q

cauterizing agent

A

a chemical capable of drying tissues by searing; caustic

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55
Q

cement

A

a substance used to promote the adhesion of 2 separated surfaces, such as the lips, the eyelids, or the margins of an incision

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56
Q

channeling

A

creation of dermal and subdermal passageways, through a single entry point in the tissue, in order to allow for the removal of watery fluids and gasses

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57
Q

charred

A

reduced to carbon; the state of tissues destroyed by burning

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58
Q

chroma / intensity

A

brightness or dullness of a color

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59
Q

chromatic color

A

a color having hue; a color of the visible spectrum

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60
Q

cilia

A

the eyelashes

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61
Q

collodion

A

a clear syrup like liquid which evaporates, leaving a contractile, white film; a liquid sealer

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62
Q

color

A

a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light

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63
Q

color corrective

A

a category of concealer that neutralizes discolorations and pigmented blemishes by using opposite colors from the color wheel

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64
Q

color rendering index (CRI)

A

a measurement of light quality of a light source as compared to sunlight

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65
Q

colorant

A

in cosmetology, a substance used to impart color to an object; dye, pigment, ink, or paint

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66
Q

colored filter

A

colored glass, gelatin, or other substances which transmit light of certain wavelengths while absorbing the others

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67
Q

colored light

A

illumination of an identifiable hue

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68
Q

color wheel

A

a circle in which the primary, secondary, and intermediate hues are arranged in orderly intervals

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69
Q

columna nasi

A

the fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose; located between the nostrils; the most inferior part of the mass of the nose

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70
Q

complements

A

directly opposite hues on the color wheel; any 2 pigmentary hues which, by their mixture in equal quantities, produce gray

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71
Q

complexion

A

the color and texture of the skin, especially that of the face

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72
Q

compound fracture

A

a broken bone which pierces the skin

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73
Q

compress

A

gauze or absorbent cotton saturated with water or an appropriate chemical and placed under or upon tissues to preserve, bleach, dry, hydrate, constrict, or reduce swelling

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74
Q

concave

A

exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity

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75
Q

concave-convex profile

A

a facial profile variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip

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76
Q

concave nasal profile

A

a depressed profile form which may dip concavely from root to tip (retrousse/infantine)

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77
Q

concave profile

A

a basic facial profile form in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip (infantine, retrousse, least common)

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78
Q

concave-vertical profile

A

a facial profile variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line

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79
Q

concha

A

the concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression of the ear

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80
Q

concurrent

A

treatments of a restorative nature performed during the embalming operation

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81
Q

condyle

A

a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation; on both the mandible and occipital bone

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82
Q

contour

A

the outline or surface form

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83
Q

contusion

A

a bruise often accompanied with distention

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84
Q

convex

A

curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere

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85
Q

convex-concave profile

A

a profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

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86
Q

convex nasal profile

A

(roman, aquiline) a nasal profile which exhibits a hump in its linear form

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87
Q

convex profile

A

a basic profile form in which the forehead recedes rom the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip (most common)

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88
Q

convex-vertical profile

A

a profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin and upper lip project equally to an imaginary vertical line

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89
Q

cool hue

A

blue, green, purple, or any intermediate pigmentary hue in which they predominate; a receding hue which creates the illusion of distance from the observer; a color of short wavelengths

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90
Q

cords of the neck

A

vertical prominences of the neck; an acquired facial marking

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91
Q

coronal plane

A

anatomical plane dividing the anterior of the body from the posterior

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92
Q

coronoid process

A

the anterior, non articulating process of the ramus of the mandible which serves as the insertion for the temporalis muscle

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93
Q

corpulence

A

having an abnormal amount of fat on the body

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94
Q

corrective shaping

A

a cosmetic technique which consists of highlighting those parts of the face or individual features to enlarge or bring them forward or shadowing them to reduce the appearance of size or deepen a depression

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95
Q

corrugator

A

a pyramid shaped muscle of facial expression which draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially

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96
Q

cosmetic

A

a media for beautifying the complexion and skin

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97
Q

cosmetic compound

A

a cosmetic medium composed of 2, 3, or all 4 basic pigments

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98
Q

cosmetizing

A

the process of applying cosmetics to a surface

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99
Q

cosmetology

A

the study of beautifying and improving the complexion, skin, hair, and nails

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100
Q

cranium

A

that part of the human skull which encloses the brain

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101
Q

cranial sutures

A

non moveable joints that connect the bones of the cranium together

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102
Q

cream cosmetic

A

a semi solid cosmetic

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103
Q

cribriform plate

A

the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity

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104
Q

crown / vertex

A

the topmost part of the head

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105
Q

crows feet / optic facial sulcus

A

the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings

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106
Q

crura of the antihelix

A

the superior and anterior bifurcating branches of the antihelix which is flattened in the concha

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107
Q

crus of the helix

A

the origin of the helix which is flattened in the concha

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108
Q

decapitation

A

separation of the head from the body; to decapitate is the act of such separation

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109
Q

decomposition

A

separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial or autolytic enzymes

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110
Q

deep

A

below the surface, or toward the central part of a structure

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111
Q

dehydration

A

the loss of moisture from body tissue

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112
Q

density

A

the thickness of the applied cosmetic

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113
Q

dental prognathism

A

oblique insertion of the teeth

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114
Q

dental tie

A

ligature around the superior and inferior teeth employed to hold the mandible in a fixed position

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115
Q

depression

A

a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface

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116
Q

depressor angulioris

A

a muscle of facial expression which depresses the angle of the mouth

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117
Q

depressor labbi inferioris

A

a muscle of facial expression which draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral

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118
Q

derma / dermis / skin

A

the corium, or true skin

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119
Q

desquamation / skin slip

A

the separation of the epidermis from the dermis as a result of putrefaction

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120
Q

desiccation

A

extreme dehydration often resulting in post embalming discolorations

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121
Q

diamond

A

a facial shape in which the cheeks are the widest point accompanied by a narrowing forehead and chin

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122
Q

digastric

A

a double bellied muscle which draws the hyoid bone superiorly

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123
Q

dimples

A

shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form; ex. on of the natural facial markings

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124
Q

discoloration

A

any abnormal color in or on the human body; may be removed by arterial injection

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125
Q

distal

A

away from the center of the body or point of attachment

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126
Q

distention

A

a stat of stretching out or becoming inflated

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127
Q

distortion

A

a state of being twisted or pushed out of normal shape or position

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128
Q

dorsum

A

top; the anterior protruding ridge of the nose from the root to the tip of the lobe

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129
Q

dusky

A

swarthy; somewhat dark in color; when used to describe the complexion color

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130
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities

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131
Q

electric spatula

A

an electrically heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form

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132
Q

emaciation

A

a wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face

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133
Q

embed

A

to fix or fasten in place

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134
Q

eminence

A

a prominence or projection

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135
Q

emollients

A

heavy moisturizer; creamy, thick, helps to retain moisture

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136
Q

enucleation

A

the removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor or the eyeball, without rupture

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137
Q

epicranius / occipitofrontalis

A

the muscle the draws the scalp posteriorly and inferiorly and raises the eyebrows

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138
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of skin; the cuticle or scarf skin

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139
Q

excise

A

to remove as by cutting out

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140
Q

external auditory meatus

A

the opening or passageway to the ear

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141
Q

external pressure

A

weight applied to a surface

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142
Q

eyebrows / supercilia

A

superficial hairs covering the superciliary arches

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143
Q

eyebrow pencil

A

a cosmetic in pencil form for coloring the hairs of the eyebrow, or creating an eyebrow where the hairs were removed

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144
Q

eye cap

A

a thin, dome like shell made of hardened cloth, metal, or plastic placed beneath eyelids to restore natural curvature and to maintain the position of posed eyelids

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145
Q

eyelids / palpebrae

A

2 moveable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball

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146
Q

eye shadow

A

a cosmetic color applied to the upper eyelid

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147
Q

eye socket

A

the bony region containing the eyeball; the orbital cavity

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148
Q

face

A

anatomically, the region from the eyes to the base of the chin; physiognomically, the region from the normal hairline to the base of the chin

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149
Q

facial markings

A

the character lines of the face and neck; wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples

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150
Q

facial profiles

A

the silhouettes of the face from the side view

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151
Q

facial proportions

A

mathematical relationships of the facial features to one another and/or to the head and face

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152
Q

feather

A

to reduce gradually to an indistinguishable edge; to taper

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153
Q

feature builder / tissue builder

A

a substance used to elevate sunken/emaciated tissues to normal level by hypodermic injection

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154
Q

firmness

A

the degree of rigidity or stability; a condition of the tissues necessary for the application of wax

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155
Q

firm wax

A

the densest and least adhesive type of wax; a putty like material used to fill large cavities or model features

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156
Q

florid

A

flushed with red, when describing a complexion; not as vivid as ruddy

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157
Q

fluorescent light

A

the illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp; the fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube

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158
Q

fold

A

an elongated prominence adjoining a surface

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159
Q

foramen magnum

A

an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain

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160
Q

forehead

A

that part of the face above the eyes

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161
Q

form

A

external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements

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162
Q

foundation

A

the complexion cosmetic in ornamental cosmetology

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163
Q

fracture

A

broken bone

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164
Q

frenulum

A

the vertical restraining fold of mucous membrane on the midline of the inside of each lip connecting the lip with the gum

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165
Q

frontal

A

anterior; the anterior view of the face or features

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166
Q

frontal bone

A

the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull

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167
Q

frontal eminences

A

paired, rounded, unmargined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately 1 inch beneath the normal hairline

168
Q

frontal process of the maxilla

A

the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw

169
Q

funeral lighting

A

the quality and quantity of illumination used for presentation of casketed remains

170
Q

furrow

A

a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations

171
Q

geometric

A

the shape of a plane figure determined by its outline

172
Q

glabella

A

a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose

173
Q

grecian

A

a nasal profile form in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip; a straight nasal profile

174
Q

groove

A

an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface

175
Q

hairline

A

the outline of hair growth on the head or face; the lowest centrally located part of the hair of the cranium

176
Q

hard palate

A

the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

177
Q

height

A

the vertical measurement of a feature or part of a feature; the distance above the base

178
Q

helix

A

the outer rim of the ear

179
Q

hemoglobin

A

red pigment; the protein coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles which serves to convey oxygen to the tissues forming oxyhemoglobin

180
Q

hidden stitch / intradermal suture

A

type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis

181
Q

highlight

A

a surface lying at right angles to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light; the brighter part

182
Q

horizontal

A

parallel to the plane of the horizon

183
Q

hue

A

the property of a color by which it is distinguished from other colors

184
Q

hunting bow

A

shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly; resembling a cupids bow; the 5 arcs in the line of the lip closure resemble the design of the classic hunting bow

185
Q

hypodermic injection

A

the insertion of chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle

186
Q

hypodermic tissue building

A

the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour

187
Q

illumination

A

giving or casting of light

188
Q

incandescent light

A

the illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament

189
Q

incision

A

a clean cut into tissue or skin

190
Q

incisive fossa

A

the depression between the mental eminence and the mandibular incisors

191
Q

incisor teeth

A

the 4 teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw

192
Q

inclination

A

slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique

193
Q

infantine

A

babyish, childlike in regard to much adipose tissue; also refers to a facial shape or nasal profile

194
Q

inferior

A

beneath; lower in plane or position; the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet

195
Q

inferior palpebral sulcus

A

the furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebra; an acquired facial marking

196
Q

infranasal prognathism

A

a form of prognathism in which the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally

197
Q

inner canthus

A

eminence at the medial corner of the closed eyelids

198
Q

integumentary lips

A

superiorly, the skin portion of the upper lip from the attached margin of the upper mucous membrane to the base of the nose; and inferiorly, the skin portion of the lower lip from the attached margin of the lower mucous membrane to the labiomental sulcus

199
Q

interciliary sulci

A

the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows; acquired facial marking

200
Q

intermediate hue

A

a pigmentary hue produced by mixing, in equal quantities, a primary hue with its adjacent secondary hue on the color wheel

201
Q

internal decapitation

A

trauma that occurs when the skull base separates from the spine

202
Q

intertragic notch

A

a notch or opening between the tragus and the antitragus of the ear

203
Q

inversion

A

turned in an opposite direction or folded inward

204
Q

inverted triangle

A

a facial shape with a wide angular forehead, angular jaw, and pointed chin

205
Q

jawline

A

the inferior border of the mandible

206
Q

juxtaposition

A

any 2 hues seen together which modify each other in the direction of their complements

207
Q

labia

208
Q

labial sulci

A

the vertical furrows of each lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips; acquired facial markings

209
Q

labiomental sulcus

A

the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which. may appear as a furrow; a natural facial marking

210
Q

laceration

A

an irregularly torn or jagged wound

211
Q

lanugo

A

the downy hair of a fetus, children, or women

212
Q

lateral

A

a position or direction away from midline; to the side

213
Q

LED lighting

A

light emitting diode lighting; a semiconductor device that converts electricity into light; noted for its high energy savings and long lasting durability

214
Q

length

A

a vertical dimension

215
Q

leptorrhine

A

a nasal index having a long, narrow, and high bridge (white people)

216
Q

levatorangulioris

A

a muscle of facial expression which elevates the angle of the mouth

217
Q

levator labii superioris alaque nasi

A

a muscle of facial expression which elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril opening; the common elevator

218
Q

levator labii superioris

A

a muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip

219
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

a muscle of facial expression which raises the upper eyelid

220
Q

ligature

A

thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues, or bones

221
Q

light

A

to shine; a form of electromagnetic radiation that acts upon the retina of the eye to make sight possible

222
Q

line of closure

A

the line that is formed between 2 structures, such as the lips or the eyelids when in a closed position, which marks their place of contact with each other

223
Q

linear sulci

A

eyelid furrows which are short and broken, extending horizontally on the palpebrae themselves and which may fan from both the medial and lateral corners of the eyes

224
Q

lip brush

A

a small, flat brush having soft hairs of uniform length

225
Q

lip wax

A

a soft restorative wax, usually tinted, used to surface the mucous membranes or to correct lip separations

226
Q

liquid cosmetics

A

a fluid, colorant in which pigments are dissolved or suspended

227
Q

liquid sealer

A

a quick drying fluid adhesive

228
Q

lobe

A

the inferior part of the ear or the projection of the nose overlying the lower lateral cartilages

229
Q

loop stitch

A

a single, noose like suture, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials

230
Q

major restoration

A

restorative art procedures with greater time requirements, higher skill level, and authorization

231
Q

mandible

A

the horseshoe shaped bone forming the inferior jaw

232
Q

mandibular fossa

A

the small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus

233
Q

mandibular notch

A

a relatively deep indentation between the condyle and coronoid process of the mandible

234
Q

mandibular prognathism

A

jaw protrusion of the inferior jaw

235
Q

mandibular sulcus

A

the furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek; an acquired facial marking

236
Q

mandibular suture

A

type of mouth closure that utilizes the mandible for the inferior anchor and the nasal septum for the superior anchor

237
Q

margins

A

the boundaries or edges

238
Q

mascara

A

a cosmetic preparation used to darken the eyelashes

239
Q

mask

A

anything that hides or conceals, as cosmetics

240
Q

massage cream

A

a soft, white, oily preparation used as a protective coating for external tissues; a base for cream cosmetics and a wax softener; an emollient

241
Q

masseter

A

muscles of mastication which close the mandible

242
Q

mastoid process

A

the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear

243
Q

matte

A

having a dull finish; created by the application of loose power, lack of sheen

244
Q

maxilla

A

a paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit

245
Q

maxillary prognathism

A

superior jaw protrudes

246
Q

medial

A

nearer to the midline; opposite of lateral direction

247
Q

medial lobe

A

tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane

248
Q

median plane / mid saggital plane

A

situated or placed in the middle of the body dividing it into right and left halves

249
Q

melanin

A

the brown to black brown pigment in the epidermis and hair

250
Q

mental eminence

A

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible

251
Q

mentalis

A

the muscle which elevates and protrudes the inferior lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin

252
Q

messorrhine

A

a nasal index which is medium broad and medium low bridge (asian/indian)

253
Q

minor restoration

A

restorative art procedures that require minimal time and basic skill

254
Q

modeling

A

constructing a form with a pliable material such as wax or clay

255
Q

monochromatic

A

variations of one hue; tints, tones, and shades of one hue

256
Q

mottle

A

to diversify with spots or blotches of a different color or shade

257
Q

mouth former

A

a device used in the mouth for shaping the contour of the lips

258
Q

mucous membranes

A

the visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining membrane of the body cavities which communicate with the exterior

259
Q

musculature suture

A

type of mouth closure that utilizes the mentalis muscle for the inferior anchor and the nasal septum for the superior anchor

260
Q

mutilated

A

disfigured by a loss of a natural part by force

261
Q

nasal bones

A

directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity

262
Q

nasal cavity

A

the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

263
Q

nasal index

A

the ratio of nasal width to nasal height multiplied by 100

264
Q

nasal spine of the maxilla

A

the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity

265
Q

nasal sulcus

A

the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold; a natural facial marking

266
Q

nasolabial fold

A

the anterior fold of the cheek which descends laterally along the upper lip from the wing of the nose; a natural facial marking

267
Q

nasolabial sulcus

A

the furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; an acquired facial marking

268
Q

naso-orbital fossa

A

the concavity superior and medial to the inner corner of the eye

269
Q

natural facial markings

A

those that are present at birth, hereditary

270
Q

natural shadows

A

areas of color in the tissues normally darker than the adjacent areas

271
Q

needle injector

A

an instrument used to impel specially designed pins (with wire attached to each pin) into bone

272
Q

neoplasm

A

a new and abnormal formation of tissue, as a tumor or growth

273
Q

norm

A

the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average

274
Q

oblique

A

slanting or inclined, neither perpendicular nor horizontal

275
Q

oblique palpebral sulcus

A

the shallow, curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids; a natural facial marking

276
Q

oblong

A

a facial shape in which the head is long and narrow throughout

277
Q

occipital bone

A

lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain

278
Q

occipital protuberance

A

the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone

279
Q

opaque

A

not transparent or translucent; not allowing light to pass through a concealing cosmetic

280
Q

oral cavity

A

the mouth; the orifice containing the teeth and tongue

281
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

the muscle that closes the eyelids, compresses the lacrimal sacs

282
Q

orbicularis oris

A

the muscle that closes and puckers the lips

283
Q

orbital pouch

A

bags under the eyes; the fullness between the inferior palpebrae and the oblique palpebral sulcus

284
Q

ornamental

A

an adornment or embellishment; to artificially beautify the face

285
Q

oval

A

a facial shape with a rounded forehead, cheeks, and chin an is longer than it is wide; most common geometric head form

286
Q

palatine bone

A

one of the bones forming the posterior part of the hard palate and lateral nasal wall between the interior pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla

287
Q

parietal bones

A

2 bones that form the posterior 2/3 of the vault of the cranium and part of the sides of the skull

288
Q

parietal eminences

A

the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium

289
Q

pathological condition

A

diseased; due to disease

290
Q

penetrating wounds

A

wounds that cause a puncture of the skin, a cavity, or an organ

291
Q

phenol

A

disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach discolored tissues

292
Q

philtrum

A

the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking

293
Q

physiognomy

A

the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features

294
Q

pigment

A

a coloring matter which can be applied to an object, when combined with some type of vehicle

295
Q

pigment theory

A

the prang system; system which theorizes that all visible colors originate from 3 primary colors or hues

296
Q

planes

A

surfaces having very little curvature

297
Q

plaster of paris

A

calcium sulfate; a white powdery substance which forms a quick setting paste when mixed with water

298
Q

platyrrhine

A

a nasal index which is short and broad and has the minimum of projection (black)

299
Q

platysma

A

thin layer of muscle covering anterior aspect of neck

300
Q

platysmal sulci

A

the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck; an acquired facial marking

301
Q

point of entry

A

point of insertion for hypodermic injection or channeling

302
Q

pores

A

minute depressions in the surface of the skin, as in the openings of the sweat glands

303
Q

post embalming

A

treatments of a restorative nature performed after the embalming operation

304
Q

posterior

A

position of direction; toward the back

305
Q

powder

A

any solid substance in the state of fine, loose particles as produced by crushing or grinding

306
Q

powder atomizer

A

a device used to blow powder onto a surface

307
Q

powder brush

A

a device containing hairs or bristles set in a handle; used to apply and/or remove powder

308
Q

pre embalming

A

treatments of a restorative nature performed before the embalming operation

309
Q

primary hue

A

1 of 3 pigmentary hues (red, blue, yellow) which can be combined to make all other hues; in light color theory the hues red, blue, and green can be combined to make all other hues

310
Q

procerus

A

the muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly

311
Q

professional portrait

A

a photograph or painting in which the subject has been posed and lighted flatteringly by a professional photographer or artist

312
Q

profile

A

the side view of the human head

313
Q

prognathism

A

projection of the jaw(s) beyond the projection of the forehead

314
Q

projection

A

the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

315
Q

proportions

A

the relationship of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face

316
Q

protruding lobe

A

the rounded anterior projection of the tip of the nose

317
Q

protrusion

A

the state of condition of being thrust forward or projecting

318
Q

proximal

A

a structure that is closer to the center of the body or point of attachment

319
Q

puncture

A

a hole or wound resulting from piercing

320
Q

purse string suture

A

a suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position

321
Q

radiate

A

to spread out from a common point

322
Q

ramus

A

the vertical portion of the mandible

323
Q

razor burn

A

a darkened, air dried area on the skin resulting from removal of the epidermis while shaving

324
Q

recession

A

a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position

325
Q

rectangle

A

a facial shape with a flat forehead, cheeks, and jaw that are all the same width, and the length is longer than it is wide

326
Q

reflection

A

the return of light waves from surfaces; blending or folding back of a part upon itself

327
Q

restorative art

A

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

328
Q

retrousse

A

a nose which is turned up superiorly at its tip; a concave nasal profile

329
Q

risorius

A

the narrow superficial band of muscle which pulls the angel of the mouth laterally

330
Q

rods of the eye

A

the long, rod shaped sensory bodies of the retina of the eye responsive to light but not color

331
Q

roman

A

the aquiline profile of the nose

332
Q

root

A

the apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the nose which lies directly inferior to the forehead; the concave dip inferior to the forehead

333
Q

round (infantine)

A

a facial shape in which the vertical distance and the width between the cheekbones are equal and the cheeks and chin are rounded

334
Q

ruddy

A

red complexion; having a healthy reddish color, said of the complexion, more vivid than florid

335
Q

sagittal

A

anatomical plane dividing the complexion

336
Q

saturation

A

a visual aspect indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness

337
Q

scapha / scaphoid fossa

A

fossa between the inner and outer rims of the ear; the shallowest depression of the ear

338
Q

sealer

A

a quick drying material which leaves a hard, thin transparent coat or layer through which moisture cannot pass

339
Q

secondary hue

A

equal mixture of 2 or primary light colors that will produce pigmentary hues (orange, green, and purple); a mixture of yellow, magenta, and cyan

340
Q

septum

A

vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into 2 chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose

341
Q

severed

A

to have been cut or broken apart; disjoined

342
Q

shade

A

a hue into which various quantities of black are mixed; the darkened hue

343
Q

shadow

A

surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light

344
Q

sheen

A

shine; as of the refection of natural oils of the skin

345
Q

sides of the nose

A

the lateral walls of the nose between the wings and the bridge

346
Q

simple fracture

A

fractured bone which does not pierce the skin

347
Q

soft wax

A

wax that is softer and more pliable than modeling wax; less adhesive than lip wax

348
Q

spatula

A

a flat, blunt, knife like instrument used for mixing cosmetics and modeling; a palette knife

349
Q

spectrum

A

visible band; the original standard of color; the progressive arrangement of colors (ROYGBIV) seen when a beam of white light is broken down into its component colors

350
Q

sponge

A

an elastic, porous mass of interlacing horny fibers which are permanently attached; remarkable for its power of absorbing water and becoming soft when wet without losing its toughness

351
Q

squama

A

the vertical surface of the temporal bone

352
Q

square

A

a facial shape in which the vertical and horizontal measurements are qual, the hairline is straight, and the jaw is angled

353
Q

stain

A

to discolor with foreign matter; an area so discolored

354
Q

stain removers

A

any substances or agents which will cause an external discoloration to be removed or lessened

355
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

a muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle; marks the widest part of the neck

356
Q

stipple brush

A

a small, rounded, stiff brush, all bristles the same length, used to simulate pores on wax; stencil brush; could be used for cosmetic application

357
Q

straight nasal profile

A

a nasal profile in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip; the most common nasal profile

358
Q

subcutaneous

A

situated or occurring beneath the skin

359
Q

sublingual suture

A

type of mouth closure that anchors inferior to the tongue and utilizes the nasal septum for the superior anchor

360
Q

submandibular

A

describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible

361
Q

submental sulcus

A

the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow, a natural facial marking

362
Q

subtractive method

A

method of diminishing the wavelengths of light by superimposing 2 or more color transparencies over the same light source; the light is gradually reduced by absorption of colors in the light

363
Q

sulcus

A

a furrow, wrinkle, or groove

364
Q

superciliary arches

A

the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows

365
Q

supercilia

366
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

367
Q

superior

A

more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head

368
Q

superior palpebral sulcus

A

the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid; an acquired facial marking

369
Q

supraorbital area

A

region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae

370
Q

supraorbital margins

A

the superior rim of the eye sockets

371
Q

surgical reduction

A

restoration to a normal position or level through surgical exicsion

372
Q

suspension

A

a substance in which particles of ground pigments are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved

373
Q

suture

A

act of sewing; also the completed stitch

374
Q

swarthy

A

dark colored complexion, as a face made swarthy by the tropical sun

375
Q

symmetry

A

correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face

376
Q

taper

A

a form which receded away from a given point; a form which becomes gradually smaller toward one end; to reduce gradually from the center

377
Q

temporal bones

A

inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone

378
Q

temporal cavity

A

the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone

379
Q

temporalis

A

muscles of mastication which help to close the mandible

380
Q

tertiary hue

A

the hue which results from the mixture of 2 secondary pigmentary hues or an unbalanced proportion of complements with the warm hue or cool hue predominating

381
Q

texturizing brush

A

a brush with a relatively large tuft of good quality, fine bristles, such as black sable or finch; used to blend and stipple cosmetics or powder into the applied (cream) cosmetics and clean out deposits impacted in pores

382
Q

three quarter view

A

in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks

383
Q

tint

A

a hue into which various quantities of white are mixed

384
Q

tip

A

the extremity of anything which tapers (ex. tip of nose; the termination of the forward projection of the nose)

385
Q

tone

A

a hue mixed with either a small quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in dulling the hue

386
Q

toupee

A

a small wig or patch of false hair covering a bald spot; a hairpiece

387
Q

tragus

A

elevation protecting the ear passage (external auditory meatus)

388
Q

translucent

A

transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to eliminate perception of distinct images; somewhat transparent

389
Q

transparent

A

having the property of transmitting rays of light thought its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen

390
Q

transverse frontal sulci

A

furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings

391
Q

trauma

A

a physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence

392
Q

triangle

A

a facial shape in which the forehead is pointed, the sides widen inferiorly, and the jaw is the widest point (least common head form)

393
Q

triangular fossa

A

depression between the crura of the ear; the second deepest depression of the ear

394
Q

tumor

A

a spontaneous new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass

395
Q

undercut

A

the angled cut of the borders of an excision, made so that the skin surface will overhang the deeper tissues

396
Q

undertones

A

underlying colors in the skin

397
Q

value

A

the lightness or darkness of a hue

398
Q

vehicle

A

a material combined with pigments so they may be applied more easily

399
Q

vertical

A

perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; balanced

400
Q

vertical-concave profile

A

one in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin protrudes more than the upper lip

401
Q

vertical-convex profile

A

one in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip

402
Q

vertical (balanced) profile

A

one in which the forehead, upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line

403
Q

vomer

A

bone of the nasal cavity situated between the nasal passageways on the medium plane; it forms the inferior and posterior portion of the septum of the nose

404
Q

warm color areas

A

areas of the skin surface which, during life, are normally reddened; places where cosmetics will be applied to restore the appearance of warmth that red hemoglobin will give

405
Q

wax

A

a restorative modeling or surfacing material composed of beeswax, spermaceti, paraffin, starch, and a coloring temperature and will reflect light in a manner similar to normal skin

406
Q

weather line

A

the line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of each mucous membrane

407
Q

white light

A

a ray of light which contains all the hues of the visible spectrum, in such proportion that the light appears colorless or “natural”; as daylight or sunlight

408
Q

width

A

the dimension of an object measured across from side to side

409
Q

wings of the nose

A

lateral lobes of the nose

410
Q

wire bridging

A

the length of wire employed to connect 2 structures which are undamaged such as remaining parts of a bone; a wire mesh placed within an aperture to hold other restorative fillers

411
Q

worm suture / inversion suture / draw suture

A

a method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible, and the line of suture becomes depressed, which lends it ease of concealment by waxing

412
Q

zygomatic arch

A

the process on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face

413
Q

zygomatic arch depression

A

one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch

414
Q

zygomatic bones

A

bones of the cheeks

415
Q

zygomaticofrontal process

A

the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone

416
Q

zygomaticus major

A

muscles of the face which draw the superior lip posteriorly and superiorly

417
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

muscles of the face which draw the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly

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