Embalming vocab Flashcards
1
Q
abdominal anatomical regions
A
2 systems of nomenclature employed for designating portions of the abdomen, which include a 9 region plan and a 4 quadrant plan
2
Q
abrasions
A
antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
3
Q
abut
A
to bluntly adjoin another structure; for example, the line of eye closure
4
Q
accessory chemical
A
a group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surface
5
Q
action level / AL / (exposure limits)
A
a concentration of 0.5 ppm of formaldehyde calculated as an 8-hour TWA concentration as defined by OSHA
6
Q
active dye
A
an agent that will impart permanent color to tissues
7
Q
actual pressure
A
pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open, and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
8
Q
adipocere (grave wax)
A
wax like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
9
Q
aerobic
A
characterized by the presence of free oxygen
10
Q
aerosolization
A
dispersed minute particles of blood and water that become atomized and suspended in the air
11
Q
agglutination
A
increased viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood
12
Q
agonal algor
A
decrease in body temperature immediately before death
13
Q
agonal coagulation
A
a change from a fluid into a thickened mass of blood immediately before death
14
Q
agonal dehydration
A
loss of moisture immediately before death
15
Q
agonal edema
A
escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death
16
Q
agonal fever
A
increase in body temperature immediately before death
17
Q
agonal translocation
A
redistribution of endemic microflora on a host wide basis immediately before death
18
Q
algor mortis
A
postmortem cooling of the body to the ambient temperature
19
Q
alternate drainage
A
method of injection and drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then the injection is stopped while drainage is opened
20
Q
amino acid
A
the building block of proteins
21
Q
anaerobic
A
characterized by the absence of free oxygen
22
Q
anasarca
A
generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue
23
Q
anatomical guide
A
descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of identifiable anatomical structures
24
Q
anatomical limits
A
points of origin and termination in relation to adjacent structures used to designate the boundaries of arteries
25
anatomical position
used as a reference in describing body parts to one another in which the body is erect, feet together, palms forward, and thumbs are pointed away
26
aneurysm
localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel resulting in a weakness of the vessel
27
aneurysm (hook)
embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and raising vessels
28
aneurysm (needle)
embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection with an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around raised vessels
29
angular spring forceps
drainage instrument designed for the removal of venous blood clots
30
anomaly
deviation from normal
31
antecubital fossa
triangular depression in front of the bend of the elbow (elbow pit)
32
antemortem
before death
33
anterior
anatomical term of position and direction denoting the front or forward part
34
anterior superior iliac spine
a palpable bony protuberance located on the ilium
35
anticoagulant
ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become viscous and prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals
36
apparent death
condition in which the manifestation of life are feebly maintained
37
arterial fluid
concentrated preservative embalming chemical for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming
38
arterial solution
mixture of arterial fluid and water used for arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
39
arterial tube
(cannula) instrument used to inject embalming fluid into the vascular system
40
arteriosclerosis
disease of the arteries resulting in thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
41
articulation
juncture between 2 or more bones or cartilage
42
ascites
accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity
43
asepsis
freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility
44
asphyxia
death beginning in the lungs due to an insufficient intake of oxygen
45
aspiration
removal of gas, fluids, and semi solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
46
atheroma
fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occuring in atherosclerosis
47
autoclave
apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure
48
autolysis
self destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
49
autopsy
a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological condition
50
bactericide
substance used to destroy bacteria
51
biohazard
biological agent or situation that constitutes a hazard to humans
52
biohazardous waste
any potentially infective, contaminated waste that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace
53
biological death
irreversible somatic death
54
bischloromethyl ether / BCME
a carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other
55
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
chlorine containing compound used for disinfection of inorganic/inanimate surfaces
56
bleaching agent
chemical used to lighten skin discoloration
57
blood
tissues that circulates through the vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water
58
bloodborne pathogens
microorganisms present in human blood that can cause disease in humans
59
bloodborne pathogen standard
OSHA mandate regulating the employee's exposure to blood and other body fluids
60
blood discolorations
condition resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly
61
blood vascular system
circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
62
blunt dissection
utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments that separate rather than cut the superficial fascia surrounding blood vessels
63
boil (furuncle)
deep seated inflammation in the skin, which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle
64
bridge suture (interrupted suture)
temporary suture consisting of individual stitches to sustain the proper position of tissues
65
buffer
substance capable of neutralizing acids and bases to maintain a constant pH
66
bulb syringe
self contained manual pump made from soft rubber designed to create pressure to deliver arterial fluid as it passes through one way valves located within the bulb
67
cadaver
dead human body used for medical purposes
68
cadaveric lividity (livor mortis)
intravascular red blue discoloration resulting from postmortem hypostasis of blood
69
cadaveric spasm (instantaneous rigor)
immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body
70
calvarium
superior portion of the cranium removed during cranial autopsy
71
calvarium clamp
device used to reattach the calvarium to the cranium after a cranial autopsy
72
canlization
formation of new channels in tissues
73
capillary
semi permeable minute blood vessels allowing for the diffusion of arterial embalming fluid
74
capillary permeability
ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces
75
carbohydrate
compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxy alcohol
76
carbuncle
circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms
77
carcinogen
a cancer causing chemical or material
78
case analysis (embalming analysis)
evaluation of the dead body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed
79
cavitation
the formation of cavities in an organ or tissues, frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
80
cavity embalming
direct treatment of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera, usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemicals using a trocar
81
cavity fluid
concentrated embalming chemical injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration of the body; it can also be used in hypodermic and surface embalming
82
cellular death
death of the individual cells of the body
83
center of arterial solution distribution
ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta
84
center of venous drainage
right atrium of the heart
85
centrifugal force machine
embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pulsating and non pulsating pressure
86
chelate
substance used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions that binds metallic ions
87
chemotherapy
application of chemical agents in the treatment of disease in human, primarily cancer, causing an elevated preservative demand
88
clinical death
phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes during which life may be restored
89
coagulating agent
chemical or physical agents that bring about coagulation
90
co injection fluid
primarily used to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions
91
coma
death beginning in the brain due to irreversible cessation of brain activity and loss of consciousness
92
communicable disease
disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
93
concurrent drainage
occurs continuously during vascular injection
94
condyle
rounded articular process on a bone
95
contaminated laundry
laundry that has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials
96
contaminated sharps
any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed ends of wires
97
cornea
transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior
98
corneal sclera button
portion of the cornea recovered for transplantation in situ
99
coroner
elected or appointed official of a local community who may or may not have medical training and holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths
100
cosmetic fluid
arterial fluid that contains active dyes intended to restore a more natural skin tone
101
counterstaining
technique using active dye in an attempt to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice
102
crepitation
crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated, as in subcutaneous emphysema or tissue gas
103
creutzfeldt jacob disease / CJD
rare degenerative disease of the brain with unknown etiology caused by a prion
104
cribiform plate
thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull used as a point of entry for cranial aspiration
105
death
irreversible cessation of all vital functions
106
death rattle
noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
107
death struggle
semi convulsive twitches that often occur before death
108
decay
decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
109
decedent care report
documentation of body conditions and subsequent treatments when sheltering or preparing a body for visual identification prior to cremation; or for a body received from another facility
110
decomposition
separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
111
dehydration
loss of moisture from body tissue, which may occur antemortem or postmortem; the removal of water from a substance
112
desiccation
extreme dehydration often resulting in post embalming discolorations
113
desquamation (skin slip)
separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of putrefaction
114
dialysis
separation of substances in solution on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a semipermeable membrane
115
differential pressure
difference between potential and actual pressure
116
discoloration
any abnormal color in or upon the human body
117
disease
any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure of function of a body part, organ, or system
118
disinfectant
an agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy most disease causing microbial agents, excluding bacterial spores
119
disinfection
destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
120
drain tube
drainage instrument used to aid the removal of venous blood
121
drainage
removal of blood, blood clots, interstitial and lymphatic fluid, and arterial solution during vascular embalming, usually through a vein
122
drench shower
OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time
123
dry gangrene (ischemic necrosis)
necrosis resulting from localized deprivation of arterial blood supply
124
ecchymosis
bruising discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into the extravascular tissues
125
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities
126
electric aspirator
a device that uses a motor to create suction for the purpose of aspiration
127
electric spatula (tissue reducer)
electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour to natural form
128
embalming
process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
129
embalming report
detailed listing of body conditions and treatments performed by funeral personnel for all bodies received into a facility for preparation
130
engineering controls
mechanical systems and devices of a facility designed to minimize exposure to occupational hazards
131
enzyme
organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition
132
excision
to remove by cutting out; the area from which tissue has been removed
133
exposure incident
specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties
134
exsanguination
loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
135
extravascular
outside the blood vascular system
136
extrinsic
from outside the body
137
eye enucleation
removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research, and education
138
eye caps
a thin, dome like plastic shell placed beneath eyelids to restore natural curvature and maintain the position of posed eyelids
139
eyewash station
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye
140
fatty acid
product of decomposition of fats
141
febrile
characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body
142
fermentation
the microbial (enzymatic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions
143
fever blister
lesion of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth
144
firming
rigidity of tissue due to the chemical reaction
145
fixation
act of making tissue rigid as a result of protein solidification
146
fixative
agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure
147
formaldehyde / HCHO
colorless, strong smelling gas that, when used in solution, is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a known carcinogen
148
formaldehyde gray
gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin
149
formaldehyde rule
OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupational exposure to formaldehyde
150
gangrene
death of body tissues due to deficient or absent blood supply
151
gas gangrene
antemortem form of gangrene, associated with anaerobic gas forming bacilli, most commonly, Clostridium perfringens
152
gravity injector
apparatus used to inject arterial fluid; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid
153
gray (Gy)
the derived unit that measures a dose of absorbed radiation
154
groove director
instrument used to guide drainage devices into veins
155
hand pump
historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
156
hardening compound
chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb moisture and/or preserve tissue/ used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases
157
hazard communication standard
OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to hazardous chemicals within the workplace
158
hazardous material
agent exposing one to risk
159
hematoma
tumor like swelling of blood
160
heme
the red pigment of the hemoglobin
161
hemoglobin
iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells
162
hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells that releases heme
163
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
164
hepatitis B virus / HBV
infectious bloodborne virus
165
high index fluid
special arterial fluid with a high HCHO (formaldehyde) content
166
human remains
the body of a deceased person, including cremated remains
167
humectant (restorative fluid)
chemical that increases the capability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture
168
hydroaspirator
apparatus that utilizes a water supply to create suction and is used to aspirate the contents of the body's cavities
169
hydrocele
abnormal accumulation of fluids in the scrotal sac
170
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
171
hydrolysis
decomposition with water as one of the reactants
172
hydropericardium
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
173
hydrothorax
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
174
hygroscopic
readily available moisture
175
hypertonic
solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
176
hypodermic injection
injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar
177
hypostasis
process of blood and/or other fluids settling to the dependent portions of the body that can occur in the antemortem, agonal, or postmortem period
178
hypotonic
solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
179
imbibition
swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources
180
inactive dye
agent that will not impart permanent color to tissues; generally used to impart color to a chemical
181
incision
a clean cut into tissue or skin made with a scalpel to access arteries and veins
182
index
strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of solution; usually refers to a percentage
183
infant
a child less than one year of age
184
infectious disease
condition caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body
185
inferior
anatomical term of position and direction denoting towards the feet or underlying structure
186
inguinal ligament
anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle; extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
187
injection
act or instance of forcing fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues
188
injection pressure
amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial intravascular and/or extravascular resistance on or within the vascular system
189
intercellular
between the cells of a structure (ex. pitting edema)
190
intercostal space
space between the ribs
191
intermittent drainage (restricted drainage)
method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues
192
interstitial fluid
substance in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells
193
intracellular fluid
protoplasmic substance inside body cells
194
intravascular
within the blood vascular system
195
intravascular pressure
force created as the flow of embalming solution is established, and the arterial walls expand and contract, resulting in the filling of the capillary beds and the development of pressure filtration
196
intrinsic
from within the body
197
isotonic
solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which is is compared
198
jaundice
condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with a resulting yellow appearance
199
jaundice fluid
low formaldehyde arterial fluid with bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice
200
laceration
wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue
201
larvicide
substance used to kill insect larvae
202
lateral
anatomical term of position and direction denoting away from the mid line
203
lesion
abnormal change involving any tissue or organ due to disease or injury
204
ligate
to tie off any vessel or structure upon completion of embalming
205
linear guide
line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure
206
lipolysis
decomposition of fats
207
lumen
cavity or opening of a hollow structure
208
lysin
hydrolytic enzyme that acts destructively upon cells and tissues
209
lysosome
organelle within but separate from a cell containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates
210
maggot
insect larvae, especially flies
211
masking agent (perfuming agent)
chemical found in an arterial fluid having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
212
massage
manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body
213
medial
anatomical term of positioning and direction denoting toward the mid line
214
medical examiner
elected or appointed official of a local community with a medical degree who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths
215
microorganism
a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus
216
microbial enzyme
the enzymes of microorganisms; a source of the enzymes that contribute to decomposition
217
modifying agents
chemicals within the arterial fluid to deal with varying demands predicated upon the condition of the deceased, the environment, and the preservative to be used
218
moist gangrene
necrotic tissue that resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
219
mold preventative
agent, which will prohibit the growth of mold
220
moribund
in a dying state; in the agonal period
221
mortuary putty
a pliable compound used to fix of fill
222
mouth former
a feature setting device that is placed in the mouth to provide shape to the contour of the lips
223
multiple site injection
vascular injection from 2 or more arteries
224
nasal tube aspirator
an instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils
225
necrobiosis
antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement
226
necrosis
pathological death of tissue still a part of the living organism
227
needle injector
a feature setting device used for mouth closure designed to implant metal pins into bone
228
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys can cause an increase in nitrogenous waste
229
nitrogenous waste
metabolic by products such as urea and uric acid that contain nitrogen and tend to neutralize formaldehyde
230
non cosmetic fluid
an arterial fluid that does not contain active dyes and will not impart a color change upon the body tissues
231
occupational exposure
reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a workers duties
232
one point injection
injection and drainage from one location
233
osmosis
passage of pure solution from a solution of lesser concentration to one of greater solute concentration when the 2 solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane; the primary mechanism by which preservation occurs
234
packing forceps
embalming instrument used to fill the external orifices of the body with absorbent material
235
palpate
to examine by touch
236
parenteral
introduced into the body by piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions
237
petechia
antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
238
pharmaceutical agents
drugs or medicines that change the biochemistry of the blood
239
pitting edema
condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluids that the skin remains depressed after palpation
240
positioning devices
preparation room equipment for properly positioning bodies prior to, during, and after vascular embalming
241
plastic garments
used to contain leaking and manage odors; different types include pants, coveralls, stockings, sleeves, capri pants, and unionalls
242
posterior
an anatomical term of position and direction that denotes towards the back
243
postmortem
period that begins after somatic death
244
postmortem caloricity
the rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism
245
postmortem chemical change
change in the body's chemical composition that occurs after death
246
postmortem physical change
a change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
247
postmortem stain
extravascular color change that occurs when heme seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues
248
potential pressure
the pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the embalming machine is running, and the rate of flow is closed
249
preparation room
facility wherein embalming, dressing, cosmetizing, or general decedent care is performed
250
preservative
a chemical that inactivates saprophytic bacteria and attempts to arrest decomposition by converting body tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition
251
preservative powder
chemical in powder form, typically used for surface embalming of the remains
252
pressure filtration
passive transport system enabling the passage of arterial solution from the capillary to the tissue fluid
253
primary dilution
strength of embalming solution mixed in the embalming machine
254
primary disinfection
disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process
255
procurement
the recovery of organs or tissues from a cadaver for transplantation
256
protein
biochemical compound that is a polymer of many amino acids
257
proteolysis
decomposition of proteins
258
ptomaine
any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine
259
pubic symphysis
the fibrocartilage that joins the 2 pubic bones in the median plane
260
purge
postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body because of internal pressure
261
pus
liquid product of inflammation
262
putrefaction
decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
263
rate of flow
speed at which fluid is injected; measured in ounces per minute
264
razor burn (razor abrasion)
a darkened, air dried area on the skin resulting from the removal of the epidermis while shaving
265
re aspiration
repeated aspiration of a cavity
266
restoration
treatment of the deceased in an attempt to recreate natural form and color
267
restricted cervical injection
method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are initially raised to control the entry of arterial solution into the head
268
rigor mortis
postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processess
269
saccharolysis
decomposition of sugars
270
sanitation
a process to promote and establish conditions that minimize or eliminate biohazards
271
saponification
process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy, waxy substance called adipocere, or grave wax
272
saprophytic bacteria
bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter
273
scalpel
a 2 piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and a blade used to make incisions and excisions
274
sealing agents
material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood
275
secondary dilution
weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, bath vascular and interstitial
276
septicemia
a condition characterized by the presence of bacteria in the blood
277
sequestering agent
a chemical agent that isolates metal ions so they cannot react with blood or water
278
sharps container
OSHA required, puncture resistance, a leak proof receptacle for proper disposal of sharp objects
279
shell embalming
vascular embalming in which only the skin or superficial portion of the body receive arterial solution
280
solute
a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount
281
solution
a homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
282
solution diffusion (arterial solution diffusion)
passage of some components of the injected arterial solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movement of the arterial solution from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids and subsequently the cells
283
solution distribution (arterial distribution)
the movement of solution from one point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
284
solvent
a substance that does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount
285
somatic death
death of an organism as a whole
286
split injection
injection from one site and drainage from a separate site
287
sterilization
process of completely removing or destroying al life forms and their products on or in a substance
288
stillborn
dead at birth
289
subcutaneous
situated or occurring beneath the skin
290
superficial
toward the surface
291
superior
anatomical term of positioning and direction denoting towards the head or elevation in place or position
292
supplemental fluid
fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection. supplemental fluids generally fall into 1 of 3 categories; pre injection, co injection, and humectants or restorative fluids
293
surface compress
a wet or dry cloth applied firmly to a body part
294
surface embalming
the direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals
295
surface discoloration
a discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface. these discolorations may occur antemortem, during, or after embalming of the body; adhesive tape, ink, iodine, paint, and tobacco stains
296
surface pack
an absorbent material, compressed, saturated with an embalming chemical, and placed in direct contact with the tissue
297
surfactant / (surface tensions reducer, wetting, penetrating, or surface active agent)
chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures
298
tardieu spots
postmortem extravascular blood discolorations caused by the rupture of minute vessels as blood settles into the depent areas of the body
299
terminal disinfection
institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains OR disinfection carried out after the embalming process
300
test of death
any procedure used to prove a sign of death
301
tissue gas
postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, clostridium perfringens
302
transverse
anatomical term or position and direction denoting lying at right angels to the long axis of the body
303
trauma
a physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence
304
trocar
sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid. the trocar may also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming
305
trocar button
a plastic threaded screw like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar openings
306
trocar guide
a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the body or a prominent anatomic structure used to locate internal structures during cavity embalming, from the point of reference 2 inches to the left of and 2 inches superior to the umbilicus
307
unionall
plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the chest down to and including the feet
308
universal precautions
an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious
309
vacuum breaker
apparatus that prevents the back siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumping cross connections within the preparation room
310
vehicle
liquids that serve as a solvent for embalming fluids
311
viscera
internal organs enclosed in the body cavity
312
viscosity
the thickness of a liquid
313
water conditioner
an agent used to remove elements from a water supply
314
work practice controls
a procedure that reduces the likelihood of exposure to a hazard by altering the manner in which a task is performed, prohibiting the recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process
