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GG102 > Textbook quiz questions > Flashcards

Textbook quiz questions Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a process whereby a plant is modified in order to fulfil a specific human desire
A) labelling
B) deforestation
C) grazing
D) domestication
E) captive breeding

A

D) domestication

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2
Q

____ is the study of relationships between organisms and their environments
A) Environmentalism
B) Ecosystem
C) Ecosphere
D) Ecology
E) Biodiversity

A

D) ecology

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3
Q

A stock resource includes _____.
A) all minerals and land that take a long time to form
B) fossil fuels
C) resources that are in fixed supply
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

A

E

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4
Q

The significance of decertification lies in ___
A) the clearing of vegetation
B) alterations in the water cycle
C) soil erosion by wind and water
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

A

E

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5
Q

the ____ was designed to address the reduction and eventual elimination of CFCs
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Brundtland Report
C) Montreal Protocol
D) UN conference on Environment and Development
E) Biosafety Policy

A

C

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6
Q

The ___ view regards humans as the central fact of the world, stressing the centrality of humans to the detriment of the rest of the world
A) ecocentric
B) anthropocentric
C) desertification
D) biodiversity
E) origins

A

B

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7
Q

Humans impact vegetation through ____
A) plant domestication
B) fire
C) tropical rainforest removal
D) B and C
E) all of the above

A

E

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8
Q

The principal response to the fact of global warming and its probable consequence has been ____.
A) an effort to implement policies that will reduce the emissions of GHGs
B) to limit the impacts of the urban heat island
C) to adapt to rising temperatures and new land uses
D) to conserve of stock energy resources
E) prohibiting use of cars in all urban areas

A

A

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9
Q

The following statement is TRUE about biodiversity loss: _____
A) It is caused by the removal of destabilization of the environment and its various species
B) 16,000 species are under threat of extinction
C) Biodiversity has lowered by one-third between 1920 and 2005
D) The loss of species is difficult to quantify and often contested, but is likely abundant
E) A and D

A

E

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10
Q

A normative theory typically focuses on:
A) what ought to be
B) what actually is
C) explaining economic location
D) rational individual action
E) reality

A

A

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11
Q

_____ is the ongoing process of selectively breeding plants and animals for specific characteristics
A) genetic modification
B) Domestication
C) Landrace
D) subsistence agriculture
E) commercial agriculture

A

B

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12
Q

Commercial agriculture consists of ___
A) a system in which product are consumed by the farmer’s household
B) a production system that odes not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides
C) an agricultural system in which production is primarily for sale
D) competition among land uses according to rent-paying abilities
E) government-subsidized farms

A

C

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13
Q

Location theory is based on____
A) agricultural practices as defined by distance from the market
B) the premise that there is competition between different land uses according to rent-paying abilities
C) the premise that agricultural products are consumed by the farmer’s household
D) the idea that there is one central market
E) the idea that elevation affects agricultural activity via variations in temperature

A

B

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14
Q

The ____ is allowed to vary in von Thunen’s agricultural location theory:
A) physical environment
B) # of central markets
C) distance between market and city
D) mode of transportation
E) profit maximization of farmers

A

C

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15
Q

The crop theory states that ____
A) dairy and vegetable products will be produced closer to the market than forestry products
B) product location is affected by perishability and weight, as these affect transport cost
C) the intensity of production decreases with increasing distance from the market
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

A

D

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16
Q

Von Thunen’s intensity theory states that
A) product location is affected by perishability and weight, as these affect transportation cost
B) dairy and vegetable products will be produced closer to market than forestry products
C) for any given product, intensity of production decreases with increasing distance from the market
D) the economic operator responds immediately to any price changes and aims to maximize profit
E) there is competition between different land uses according to rent-paying abilities

A

C

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17
Q

Until recently, most societies did not need to increase food supplies because ____
A) they had no nitrogen fertilizers
B) the world population was stable at one billion
C) they had strategies to keep population below carrying capacity
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

C

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18
Q

The Green Revolution is ___
A) The development and adoption of genetically modified organisms
B) the rapid development of improved plant and animal strains and their introduction to the less developed world
C) the widespread use of no-till agricultural practices
D) the rejection of brown agricultural practices
E) the widespread use of machinery and nitrogen fertilizers

A

B

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19
Q

___ restricts the import of genetically modified foods
A) MERCOSUR
B) the Free Trade Area of the Americas
C) Canada
D) the European Union
E) ASEAN

A

D

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20
Q

The principle of least effort is considered to be a guiding principle in human activities and refers to:
A) physical distance
B) minimizing distances and related movements
C) maximizing distance and related movements
D) the capacity to determine locations and distances
E) none of the above

A

B

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21
Q

Time-space convergence is primarily facilitated by _____.
A) transportation technology
B) communication technology
C) virtual reality technology
D) decreasing economic distance
E) eliminating regional boundaries

A

A

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22
Q

____ are the introduction of new inventions or ideas, especially ones that lead to change in human behaviour or production processes
A) inventions
B) innovations
C) technologies
D) tariffs
E) revolutions

A

B

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23
Q

The single most relevant variable to trade is:
A) the specific resource base of a given area
B) the size and quality of the labour force
C) the amount of capital in a country
D) distance
E) quality of the goods and services

A

D

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24
Q

a tariff is _____
A) a difference in labour
B) a tax or customs duty imposed on imports from other countries
C) an entrepreneurship
D) a new invention that leads to a change in human behaviour
E) a guiding principle in human activities

A

B

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25
Q

The impact of canals on trade and transportation is _____:
A) increased trade of goods
B) the shortening of distance for the transport of goods
C) the lengthening of distance for the transport of goods
D) decreased trade of goods
E) increased trade conflicts

A

B

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26
Q

Transnational corporations are distinguished from earlier business organizations in that _____
A) they are able to command and control production and sales at a global scale
B) they can relocate production and other facilities with relative ease
C) they are functionally integrated and able to benefit from geographic variations in capital, knowledge, labour, resources, national regulations and taxes
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

A

E

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27
Q

____ is the circumstances in which a person is indifferent to or estranged from nature or the means of production
A) disorganized capitalism
B) tariff
C) time-space convergence
D) alienation
E) competitive capitalism

A

D

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28
Q

Economic integration in regions can occur as ____
A) the removal of artificial barriers to trade
B) the imposition of a common tariff barrier amongst countries
C) the formation of an economic union
D) the development of a common market
E) all of the above

A

E

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29
Q

Economic globalization occurs when ___
A) production and distribution are no longer contained by national boundaries due to the rise of transnational corporations
B) transnational corporations’ revenue exceeds the gross national income (GNI) of many countries
C) countries become more protectionist with respect to trade
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

E

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30
Q

____ is the most populous region in the world
A) East Asia
B) S-Central Asia
C) Europe
D) Africa
E) S America

A

B

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31
Q

Fertility is related to ____
A) biological factors
B) pro-natal policies
C) cultural factors
D) variations in mortality
E) both A and C

A

E

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32
Q

____ is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next
A) fecundity
B) the AIDS pandemic
C) total fertility rate
D) replacement-level fertility
E) pro-natalist

A

D

33
Q

the infant mortality rate measures_____.
A) the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year
B) the number of births in a country in a given year
C) the total number of deaths in infants under one year old in the world in a given year
D) the total number of births in the world in a given year
E) the mortality rate for infant females compared to infant males in a population

A

A

34
Q

The main causes of global population aging are____
A) declining fertility and mortality rates
B) declining life expectancy and fertility rates
C) increasing mortality rates
D) AIDS pandemics
E) all of the above

A

A

35
Q

A key concern in a society with an aging population is ___
A) the requirement for adjustments to health care for different patterns of disease and disability
B) increased stress on social benefits
C) the lack of a young labour force to support a growing elderly population
D) both A and C
E) all of the above

A

E

36
Q

A sex ratio is ___
A) the fertility rate compared to the mortality rate
B) the number of lakes per 100 females in a population
C) the number of children in a given population selling sex as a means to support themselves
D) the number of females per 100 makes in a population
E) the mortality rate for females compared to males in a population

A

B

37
Q

____ refers to the maximum population that can be supported by a given set of resources and a given level of technology
A) population pyramid
B) replacement-level fertility
C) population momentum
D) carrying capacity
E) place utility

A

D

38
Q

____ migration involves large numbers of people
A) primitive
B) forced
C) mass
D) illegal
E) free

A

C

39
Q

Medical geography is closely aligned with the study of disease, whereas health geography is aligned with
A) physical well-being
B) mental well-being
C) social well-being
D) health
E) all of the above

A

E

40
Q

____ is a process that brings about changes in economic prosperity and quality of life.
A) developmentalism
B) structural adjustment program
C) world systems theory
D) development
E) industrialization

A

C

41
Q

The theory that connects disparities in levels of development to the relationship between dependent and dominant states is called:
A) world systems theory
B) colonialism
C) dependency theory
D) civilization theory
E) undernutrition

A

C

42
Q

on the world scale, it can be argued that colonialism has led to ____
A) rapid urbanization
B) political stability
C) dependence
D) independence
E) economic success

A

C

43
Q

Rostow proposed a development model with five stages, which include: ___
A) traditional society
B) pre-conditions for take off
C) take-off for sustained growth
D) drive to maturity
E) all of the above

A

E

44
Q

Developmentalism ____
A) is an analysis of cultural and economic change
B) treats each country or region of the world independently
C) assumes that all areas are autonomous and will proceed through the same stages of development
D) both A and C
E) all of the above

A

E

45
Q

until recently, most explanations of the world food problem focused on ____
A) overpopulation
B) inadequate distribution of supplies
C) physical or human circumstances
D) both A and C
E) all of the above

A

E

46
Q

the best-known cases of acute undernutrition are the famines that attract ____
A) media attention
B) medical attention
C) more global food production
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

A

47
Q

The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) monitors…..
A) asylum seekers
B) refugees
C) internally displaced persons
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

D

48
Q

____ is an economic strategy for domesticating manufacturing goods that were previously imported
A) import substitution
B) developmentalism
C) structural adjustment program
D) industrialization
E) purchasing power parity (PPP)

A

E

49
Q

Economic activities concerned directly with the collection and utilization of natural resources are called
A) primary activities
B) secondary activities
C) tertiary activities
D) quaternary activities
E) quinary activities

A

A

50
Q

Secondary activities are economic activities that ___
A) process, transform, fabricate, or assemble raw materials
B) collect and utilize natural resources and raw materials
C) involve the sale, distribution and exchange of goods
D) handle and process knowledge and information
E) rely on the contributions of ‘gold collar’ service providers

A

A

51
Q

the primary fuel used at the start of the Industrial Revolution is ____
A) conventional oil
B) oil
C) coal
D) charcoal
E) solar

A

C

52
Q

_____ has the highest natural gas production
A) China
B) Indonesia
C) Canada
D) the United States
E) Qatar

A

D

53
Q

_____ is one of the five principal centres of industrial activity in the world but the only centre of the five from the less developed world, though it is rapidly transitioning to the more developed
A) Japan
B) China
C) Ukraine
D) the Philippines
E) Malaysia

A

B

54
Q

The situation in which a single producer sells the entire output of an industrial good or service in a given area is called ____
A) locational interdependence
B) a spatial monopoly
C) an isotim
D) an isodapane
E) a feudal state

A

B

55
Q

_____ refers to the situation where a company hands work that was previously completed in-house to other firms
A) offshoring
B) industrialization
C) deindustrialization
D) outsourcing

A

D

56
Q

Which of the following is not a presented solution to the tragedy of the commons?
A) resources can be privatized
B) remove the commons
C) owners devising an agreement
D) subject it to external control

A

B

57
Q

Which environmental philosophy does this statement belong to? capitalist political and economic institutions actively contribute to degradation - relationships to nature needs reevaluation”
A) animism
B) environmental ethics
C) preservation
D) ecotheology
E) ecofeminism

A

D

58
Q

Which environmental philosophy does this statement belong to? “morals guiding how we treat nature - rights to a safe and happy life apply to humans AND nonhumans”
A) deep ecology
B) ecotheology
C) environmental justice
D) environmental ethics
E) romanticism

A

D

59
Q

Which environmental philosophy does this statement belong to? “the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all peoples, regardless of race, colour, national origin etc.”
A) deep ecology
B) ecotheology
C) environmental justice
D) environmental ethics
E) romanticism

A

C

60
Q

Which environmental philosophy does this statement belong to? “emphasizes interdependence and relatedness between humans and nature and saw all creatures as infused with a divine presence”
A) deep ecology
B) ecotheology
C) preservation
D) conservation
E) environmental ethics
F) romanticism

A

F

61
Q

T/F: the two key consequences to rainforest extinction are (1) major cause of species extinction, (2) GHG’s from tree removal from soil

A

True

62
Q

T/F: the two key issues with regards to the water cycle are scarcity and contamination

A

True

63
Q

T/F: catastrophists believe that advances in science and technology will continue to create resources sufficient to support the growing world population and mitigate environmental change

A

False - that’s cornucopians

64
Q

T/F: degrowth critiques global capitalist system, which pursues growth at all costs. wants to make it socially and ecologically sound!

A

true

65
Q

T/F: subsistant agriculture products are generally not for sale

A

true

66
Q

which of the following is not a process that characterize the evolution of transport systems?
A) intensification
B) establishment
C) diffusion
D) articulation

A

B

67
Q

T/F: TNC’s benefit from he geographic variations in capital, knowledge, labour, resources, national regulation and taxes

A

true

68
Q

T/F: the KOF index uses primarily economic variables

A

false - that’s the DHL (GCI)

69
Q

T/F: the GCI is based on trade, capital movement, information transmission and population movement

A

true

70
Q

T/F: the GCI measures 169 countries that account for 99% of the world’s GDP

A

true

71
Q

“borderless world and perfect markets”
A) hyperglobalist
B) skeptical
C) transformationalist

A

A

72
Q

core-periphery structure reinforced
A) hyperglobalist
B) skeptical
C) transformationalist

A

B

73
Q

anti-globalization, requires regulation to optimize it, but it’s real.
A) hyperglobalist
B) skeptical
C) transformationalist

A

C

74
Q

marginalization increased by spread of market
A) hyperglobalist
B) skeptical
C) transformationalist

A

B

75
Q

leading to a global civilization with the universalization of cultural identities:
A) hyperglobalist
B) skeptical
C) transformationalist

A

A

76
Q

T/F: fertility is generally higher for those with low incomes and for those with limited education

A

True

77
Q

T/F: the more modernized and developed the country, the higher the fertility

A

false - “modernization and economic development related to lower levels of fertility, mainly since the onset of the Industrial Revolution”

78
Q

T/F: a small increase to fertility in China would have a bigger effect than a small increase to fertility in Sweden

A

True

GG102 (12 decks)

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