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GG102 > Chapter 1 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards

be able to identify which definition belongs to which term

1
Q

a variable quality of a location, expressing the opportunity for integration with other locations

A

Accessibility

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2
Q

a thematic map where the size and shape of spatial areas are intentionally disoriented and replaced by the relative magnitude of the geographic phenomena (example: a map showing a country’s wealth as measured by GDP)

A

Cartograms

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3
Q

the art and science of making maps

A

cartography

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4
Q

a thematic map using colour or shading to indicate intensity of geographic phenomena (ex. population density) in a given area

A

choropleth maps

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5
Q

one of two common forms of concentration: occurring when distance between geographic phenomena (people) is small; occurs when these phenomena move closer together, sometimes around a nucleus

A

clusters (agglomerated)… nucleated

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6
Q

the spread of geographic phenomena (ex. people) over a given area

A

concentration

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7
Q

the direct and indirect linkages (ex. transportation routes and communications pathways) between two or more locations

A

connectivity

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8
Q

one or two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread rapidly and throughout an area (ex. like a virus)

A

contagious diffusion

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9
Q

the process of cultural phenomena (ex. ideas, innovations, trends, languages) spreading over space and through time

A

cultural diffusion

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10
Q

the characteristics or overall appearance of a particular area or location, resulting from human modification of the natural environment

A

cultural landscapes

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11
Q

a measure of the relationship between the number of geographic phenomena (ex. people) and a unit of area; typically expressed as a ratio

A

density

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12
Q

the process of geographic phenomena spreading over space and through time

A

diffusion

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13
Q

one of two common forms of concentration; occurs when the distance between geographic phenomena (ex. people) is large; ____ occurs when geographic phenomena (ex. businesses) move apart from one another

A

dispersed (deglomerated)

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14
Q

a measure of the amount of space between two or more locations; can be measured in both absolute terms (physical) and relative terms (time, economic, or psychological).

A

distance

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15
Q

the effects of distance on spatial interaction; generally, intensity of interaction declines with increasing distance

A

distance decay

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16
Q

the spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena (ex. people) within an area; includes density, concentration, and pattern

A

distribution

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17
Q

a thematic map where dots or scale-adjusted symbols represent geographic phenomena (ex. population)

A

dot maps

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18
Q

one of two basic forms of diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread from one area to another through an additive process

A

expansion diffusion

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19
Q

fieldwork

A

a means of collecting data and insight into geographic issues; involves the collection of information outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting; one of the key traditions of geographic inquiry

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20
Q

an area (or region) that possessed a certain degree of uniformity with respect o one or more physical or cultural traits

A

formal (or uniform) region

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21
Q

measure of the restraining effect of distance on human interaction and movement; generally, greater time and cost are incurred with increasing distance

A

friction of distance

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22
Q

an area (region) organization around a anode or focal point and unified by specific economic, political or social activity

A

functional (or nodal) region

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23
Q

the approach that geographers utilize in their study of the human and physical environments of the earth; a view of observing variations in geographic phenomena on the earth’s surface

A

Geographical (or spatial) perspective

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24
Q

a system of computer hardware and software that facilitates the collection, storage, analysis and display of spatially referenced data through layered maps

A

Geographical information system (GIS)

25
Q

the territorial extent or level of analysis, such as local, regional and global

A

geographic scale

26
Q

a satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of geographic phenomena (ex. an address)

A

Global Positioning System (GPS)

27
Q

the area where a particular cultural trait originates

A

hearth

28
Q

one of two forms of expansion ____ in which geographic phenomena spread first to key people or places and then gradually throughout the rest of a population or an area

A

hierarchical diffusion

29
Q

one of two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth’s human or social environments, including population change, economies, cultures, politics, settlements, and human interactions with the natural environment

A

human geography

30
Q

a thematic map using lines to connect locations of equal value with respect to a geographic phenomenon (ex. daily temperature)

A

Isopleth maps

31
Q

the characteristics, or overall appearance, of a particular area or location, comprising a combination of natural and human influences

A

landscape

32
Q

the angular distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, north and south of the equator (which is assigned a value of 0 degrees); lines of constant ____ are called parallels

A

latitude

33
Q

a particular position in space; a specific part of the earth’s surface; used in absolute, relative and nominal forms

A

location

34
Q

the angular distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, east and west of the prime meridian (assigned a value of 0 degrees), which runs through Greenwich, UK, among other places; lines of constant_____ are called meridians

A

longitude

35
Q

typically a flat (2 dimensional) representation of the earth’s surface, or a portion of it, and its geographic features, including people, places and geographic phenomena

A

maps

36
Q

the relationship between the size of a geographic feature on a map and the corresponding actual size of the feature on the earth’s surface

A

map scale

37
Q

an image or spatial representation (map) of the way space is organized, as influenced by an individual’s knowledge of or lived experience in that space

A

mental (perceptual) maps

38
Q

the geometric, regular, or other (ex. random) spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena (ex. people) in a given area

A

pattern

39
Q

the process by which humans acquire information about physical and social environments; a way of interpreting one’s lived experience

A

perception

40
Q

one of two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth’s natural or ____ environments, including climate, topography, geology, soils and ecosystems

A

physical geography

41
Q

a location that has acquired particular meaning or significance

A

place

42
Q

the nature of locations that lack uniqueness or individual character; used for homogeneous and standardized landscapes

A

placelessness

43
Q

– a process to transform the spherical earth’s surface onto a two-dimensional map; a process to transfer locations from the earth’s surface onto a flat map

A

projection

44
Q

a map portraying the absolute locations of places and geographic phenomena (ex. buildings) using a standard frame of reference, such as the global grid (latitude and longitude)

A

reference maps

45
Q

a part of the earth’s surface that displays internal homogeneity and is relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria, a contiguous spatial unit

A

region

46
Q

the process of classifying location or areas of the earth’s surface into various regions

A

regionalization

47
Q

one of two basic forms of _____, in which the geographic phenomena are physically moved from one area to another, such as through immigration or trade

A

relocation diffusion

48
Q

a series of techniques used for collecting spatial data through instruments (ex. sensors and cameras in satellites, airplanes and drones) that are physically distance from the object of study

A

remote sensing

49
Q

a location with particular significance to an individual or group, usually (but not necessarily) for religious reasons

A

sacred places

50
Q

the feelings evoked by, or deep attachments to, specific locations (places), such as home, that result from the experiences individuals associate with the location

A

sense of place

51
Q

the physical attributes or characteristics of a location, including its topography, climate, water resources, vegetation and so on

A

site

52
Q

the geographic context of a location, relative to other locations, including its economic, political, and social characteristics

A

situation

53
Q

the areal extent of something; used in both absolute (objective) and relative (perceptual) forms

A

space

54
Q

refers to space on the earth’s surface; synonymous with geographic

A

spatial

55
Q

the nature and extent of the relationship or linkages between locations; the extent of spatial interaction is related to the distances between locations and the physical and intangible connections between them.

A

spatial interaction

56
Q

an analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a particular theme or attribute

A

thematic map

57
Q

a region of the earth that observes a uniform standard time

A

time zones

58
Q

the common name given to a location; a place name

A

toponyms

59
Q

an area (region) identified on the basis of the perceptions held by people inside or outside the region or both

A

Vernacular (or perceptual) region

GG102 (12 decks)

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